water at 62° F. weighs 360 lbs., while the saccharometer of Allan or Bates, indicating specific gravity, has 1000 for its unit. Dividing 1000 by 360, we obtain the factor 2.78, near enough at least for practical purposes. The rule, therefore, in comparing the indications of instruments marking specific gravity to lbs. per barrel, is simply to divide the gravity shown by 2.78, and the lbs. gravity by Long’s saccharometer; or to convert Long’s gravity to the specific gravity of Allan or Bates, multiply by 2.78. Richardson’s instrument, as made by Long and other accurate makers, is sufficiently delicate for all ordinary purposes; although some may prefer an instrument indicating specific gravity, as Allan’s of Edinburgh, the invention of Professor Thomson of Glasgow College, and which is generally used by the Scotch ale brewers. The range of Allan’s or Bates’s, being 2.5 times at least, that of a saccharometer where minute attention in noting the progress of the attenuation is required, the specific gravity scale may be adopted. (See in Appendix[deeplink needed] some further remarks on an erroneous mode of taking gravities in Ireland.)
MASHING.
When the liquor for the first mash is turned on the malt at too high a temperature, instead of pro-
