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after a rebellion. Colony of Ulster, 1607.So Munster was ‘planted’, 1583; so Ulster was planted with Scottish landowners, tradesmen and artisans by James I. These last were mostly Presbyterians, and made vigorous and successful colonists. But, of course, the Irish landowners, who had rebelled and been turned out, always hoped to

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recover their land. And the rebellion of 1641 was prompted either by this hope, or by the fear of fresh confiscation.

Rebellion of Catholics, 1641.But to the Puritans in the English Parliament it seemed to be simply a rebellion of the ‘wicked Papists’, ‘probably got up by the King,’ they said, ‘certainly by the Queen, in order to give excuse for raising an army