FABKE
After teaching philosophy at various pro
vincial colleges he became, and has been
since 1893, professor of the history of
social economy at the Sorbonne. He has
translated Spencer s Psychology (1898),
and written Les societes animales (1877),
Etude sociologique (1897), etc. He is a
Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, Member
of the Institut, and honorary member of
Victoria University (Manchester). Baldwin
classes him as " Positivist."
ESPRONCEDA, Jose de, Spanish poet. -B. 1810. Ed. Madrid. He began to write rebellious poetry at the age of fourteen, and in his youth he joined several secret societies. Imprisoned in a monastery for a time, he quitted Spain for England and France, and took part in the 1830 Revolu- tion. He returned to Spain in 1833, but was again compelled to go into exile. He took part in the 1840 Eevolution, and was appointed secretary of embassy at the Hague. Espronceda s poems are very popular in Spain, and some of them (Cancion del Pirata, etc.) are Deistic. D. May 23, 1842.
ESQUIROS, Henri Alphonse, French poet. B. May 23, 1812. His first volume of verse, Les hirondelles, appeared in 1834. In his Evangile du Peuple (1840), for which he suffered eight months imprison ment, he rationalizes the life of Jesus. He was elected anti-clerical member of the Legislative Assembly in 1848, but was compelled to fly in 1851. Esquiros was a member of the Provisional Government in 1870, the National Assembly in 1871, and the Senate in 1875. All his life he was a devoted Rationalist. D. May 12 1876.
EYANS, George Henry, American reformer. B. (England) Mar. 25, 1805. He migrated to America in 1820, and was one of the earliest advocates of land reform. His views rather anticipated those of Henry George ; and he worked for the abo lition of slavery and other reforms. Evans 241
printed, published, and edited the first
Eationalist periodical in America, The
Correspondent, and other journals. D. | Feb. 2, 1855.
EZEKIEL, Moses Jacob, American sculptor. B. Oct. 28, 1844. Ed. Virginia Military Institute. He served in the Con federate Army 1864-65, and afterwards took to business, but devoted his leisure to painting and sculpture. He was admitted to the Society of Artists in 1872, and went to Berlin to complete his training for sculpture. Winning the Michael Beer Prize, he went to Italy for two years, and he became one of the most distinguished sculptors of the United States. In his later years he lived at Rome, and he enthusiastically greeted the Freethought Congress of 1904 (Wilson s Trip to Borne, p. 278). D. Mar. 27, 1917.
FABRE, Ferdinand, French novelist. B. 1830. Ed. College de Bedarieux and Montpellier Seminary. Abandoning his early studies for the priesthood, he went to Paris in 1849. After a few years as secretary and tutor he took to letters. His first volume of poems, Feuilles de lierre, appeared in 1853, and his first novel, Les Courbezon, in 1861. The latter was crowned by the Academy. His L abbe Tigrane (1873) won for him a high posi tion. In 1883 he became librarian of the Biblioth6que Mazarin. In his many stories of clerical life Fabre is tender to his old Church, but he remained far outside it. D. Feb. 11, 1898.
FABRE, Jean Henri, French ento mologist. B. Dec. 25, 1823. Ed. Saint Leons village school, Rodez college, and Avignon Normal School. Fabre, who came of a peasant family, was a teacher, and wrote a number of scientific text-books. While teaching at Avignon (1851-71) he became a friend of J. S. Mill. Throughout life he had studied insects, and his Souvenirs Entomologiques (first volume 1879 now ten volumes) attracted Euro- 242
