Page:A critical and exegetical commentary on Genesis (1910).djvu/219

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city-building before cattle-rearing; but the Phœnician tradition is full of such anachronisms, and shows how little they influenced the reasoning of ancient genealogists.—The name (Symbol missingHebrew characters) occurs (besides 518ff., 1 Ch. 13) as that of a Midianite tribe in 254 (1 Ch. 133), and of a Reubenite clan in 469 (Ex. 614, Nu. 265, 1 Ch. 53). It is also said that (Symbol missingHebrew characters) is a Sabæan tribal name (G-B.12 s.v.),[1] which has some importance in view of the fact that (Symbol missingHebrew characters) (59ff.) is the name of a Sabæan deity. As the name of a city, the word would suggest to the Heb. mind the thought of 'initiation' (v.i.). The city (Symbol missingHebrew characters) cannot be identified. The older conjectures are given by Di. (p. 99); Sayce (ZKF, ii. 404; Hib. Lect. 185) and Cheyne (EB, 624; but see now TBI, 106) connect it with Unuk, the ideographic name of the ancient Babylonian city of Erech.


18. The next four generations are a blank so far as any advance in civilisation is concerned. The only question of general interest is the relation of the names to those of ch. 5.


On the first three names, see esp. Lagarde, Orientalia, ii. 33-38; Bu. Urg. 123-9.—(Symbol missingHebrew characters)] G (Symbol missingGreek characters) (= (Symbol missingHebrew characters)), S (Symbol missingHebrew characters) (the latter supported by Philo), corresponds to (Symbol missingHebrew characters) in 515ff.. The initial guttural, and the want of a Heb. etymology, would seem to indicate (Symbol missingHebrew characters) as the older form which has been Hebraized in (Symbol missingHebrew characters); but the conclusion is not certain. If the root be connected with Ar. `arada (which is doubtful in view of G's (Symbol missingGreek characters)), the idea might be either 'fugitive' (Di. al.), or 'strength, hardness, courage' (Bu.). Sayce (ZKF, ii. 404) suggests an identification with the Chaldean city Eridu; Ho. with (Symbol missingHebrew characters) in the Negeb (Ju. 116 etc.).—The next two names are probably (but not certainly: see Gray, HPN, 164 f.) compounds with (Symbol missingHebrew characters). The first is given by MT in two forms, (Symbol missingHebrew characters) and (Symbol missingHebrew characters)[(Symbol missingHebrew characters)](Symbol missingHebrew characters). The variants of G are reducible to three types, (Symbol missingGreek characters) ((Symbol missingHebrew characters)), (Symbol missingGreek characters) ((Symbol missingHebrew characters)), (Symbol missingGreek characters) ( = (Symbol missingHebrew characters), 513ff.). Lag. considers the last original, though the first is the best attested. Adopting this form, we may (with Bu.) point the Heb. (Symbol missingHebrew characters) or (Symbol missingHebrew characters) = 'God makes me live': so virtually Philo (Symbol missingGreek characters), and Jer. ex vita Deus (cited by Lag.). Both Mass. forms undoubtedly imply a bad sense: 'destroyed (or smitten) of God' (though the form is absolutely un-Hebraic, see Dri. Sam. 14).—(Symbol missingHebrew characters) is now commonly explained by Ass. mutu-ša-ili, 'Man of God,'[2] though the relative ša presents a difficulty (Gray, l.c.). The true G reading is (Symbol missingGreek characters) ( = (Symbol missingHebrew characters), 521ff.); (Symbol missingGreek characters) occurs as a correction in some MSS—(Symbol missingHebrew characters)] again inexplicable from Heb. or even Arabic. Sayce (Hib. Lect. 186) and Hommel connect it with Lamga, a Babylonian name of the moon-god, naturalised in S. Arabia.[3]


18. On acc. (Symbol missingHebrew characters) with pass, see G-K. § 116 a, b.—(Symbol missingHebrew characters) in the sense of 'beget' is a sure mark of the style of J (see Ho. Einl. 99).—(Symbol missingHebrew characters)] archaic*

  1. Omitted in 13th edition.
  2. Lenorm. Orig.2 i. 262 f., Di. Bu. al. Che. EB, 625. It does not appear that mutu-ša-ili occurs as an actual name.
  3. Hommel, Altisrael. Uberl. 117 n.: "Lamga ist ein babylonischer