son of 'Adah, is the father of all who handle lyre and pipe; the
oldest and simplest musical instruments. These two occupations,
representing the bright side of human existence, have
'Adah (the Dawn?) as their mother; recalling the classical
association of shepherds with music (see Lenorm. i. 207).—22.
Equally suggestive is the combination of Tûbal-ḳâyin, the
smith, and Na'ămāh ('pleasant'), as children of the dark
Ẓillah; cf. the union of Hephæstos and Aphrodite in Greek
mythology (Di. al.).—The opening words of a(
Greek characters) are corrupt.
We should expect: he became the father of every artificer in brass and iron (see footnote). The persistent idea that
Tubal-cain was the inventor of weapons, Ber. R., Ra. and
most, which has led to a questionable interpretation of the
Song, has no foundation. He is simply the metal-worker,
certainly a stringed instrument, played with the hand (1 Sa. 1623 etc.),
probably the lyre (Greek (Greek characters)). The (Hebrew characters) (associated with the (Hebrew characters)
in Jb. 2112 3031: elsewhere only Ps. 1504) is some kind of wind instrument
(VTO),—a flute or reed-pipe, perhaps the Pan's pipe ((Greek characters)).—22. (Hebrew characters)]
in genealogies (as here, 426 1021 1938 2220. 24 [Ju. 831]) is characteristic of J.—(Hebrew characters)]
G (Greek characters). Other Vns. have the compound name, and
on the whole it is probable that (Greek characters) is a corruption of (Greek characters), although
the next cl. has (Greek characters) alone.—(Hebrew characters)] G (Greek characters),
V qui fuit malleator et faber in cuncta opera aer. et f; S
(Syriac characters); TO (Hebrew characters).
To get any kind of sense from MT, it is necessary either (a) to take (Hebrew characters)
('sharpener' or 'hammerer') in the sense of 'instructor'; or (b) take
(Hebrew characters) as neut. ('a hammerer of every cutting implement of,' etc.); or (c)
adopt the quaint construction (mentioned by Bu. 138): 'a hammerer of
all (sorts of things),—a (successful) artificer in bronze,' etc! All these
are unsatisfactory; and neither the omission of (Hebrew characters) with G (Di.), nor the
insertion of (Hebrew characters) before it yields a tolerable text. Bu.'s emendation (139 ff.)
(Hebrew characters) [for (Hebrew characters)] is much too drastic, and stands or falls with his
utterly improbable theory that Lamech and not Tubal-cain was originally
designated as the inventor of weapons. The error must lie in the
words (Hebrew characters), for which we should expect, (Hebrew characters) (Ols. Ball). The
difficulty is to account for the present text: it is easy to say that (Hebrew characters)
and (Hebrew characters) are glosses, but there is nothing in the v. to require a gloss, and
neither of these words would naturally have been used by a Heb. writer
for that purpose.—(Hebrew characters)] The Semitic words for 'iron' (Ass. parzillu,
Aram. [Aramaic: **] (Syriac characters), Ar. farzil) have no Semitic etymology, and are
probably borrowed from a foreign tongue. On the antiquity of iron in
W. Asia, see Ridgeway, Early Age of Gr. i. 616 ff.
