hi INTRODUCTION
Hospital Bulletin," July and August, 1895; February and March, 189G.)
E. Ries, of Chicago, also independently conceived and executed the same procedure. (" Zeitschrift fur Geburtshiilfe und Gyniikologie," 1895, vol. xxxvii, 1897.)
John A. Sampson made a series of elaborate studies of the mode of advancement of cancer of the cervix as well as the relations of the ureters to the cervix in malignant disease ("Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin," December, 1902). Sampson pointed out the sheath investing the ureter as it passes through the broad ligament. ("Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin," 1904.)
Wertheim's operation, less limited in its extent than either of these, was naturally finally adopted as a compromise with these aggressive and more dangerous procedures.
Earlier still are the galvano-cautery extirpations of J. Byrne of Brooklyn, who, pursuing an ideal branded by his contemporaries as ignis fatuus, yet obtained far better results than they in this evolutionary period of the technic of this great operation.
The extensive use of the actual cautery, using such a simple outfit as a plumber's soldering iron, for advanced cases, we owe to the doctors, William and Charles Mayo.
To George Gellhorn we owe the use of acetone as a palliative to be applied to inoperable cervical cancerous growths. "A New Mode of Treatment for Inoperable Cancer of the Uterus by Means of Ace- tone." "Journal American Medical Association," Chicago, 1907, xlviii. Postures in Gynecology.
Henry Fraser Campbell of Georgia (1824-1891) wrote his well-known and until recently much-quoted paper on the knee-breast posture entitled Pneumatic Pressure, and Mechanical Appliance in Uterine Displacements." ("Georgia Medical Association," April 23, 1875; "Transactions American Gynecological Society," vol. i, 1876.)
J. Marion Sims described his left lateral posture with his duck-bill speculum in his paper "On the Treatment of Vesico-vaginal Fistula." (" American Journal of Medical Sciences," January, 1852, p. 59.)
Suspension of the Uterus. — Methods of suspension or fixation of a retrodisplaced uterus have been devised by William Polk, W. Gill Wylie, G. M. Edebohls, J. Riddle Goffe, D. Tod Gilliam, J. M. Baldy, W. Bovee, J. C. Webster, S. Watkins, and William Mayo.
Cystitis. — Willard Parker devised the plan of opening and draining the bladder for cystitis. "Cystitis and Rupture of the Bladder Treated by Cystotomy." ("New York Medical Journal," vol. vi, 1851.)
This was also devised and extensively used by Emmet, from whom it has been widely adopted by the surgeons of to-day.
Gunning S. Bedford (1806-1870) was the first to use a patient in
