NEWBERRY
215
NICHOLS
1822. While he was yet an infant his
father, Henry Newberry, removed to
Summit County, Ohio, where he founded
the present town of Cuyahoga Falls. The
son was educated entirely in Ohio, and
graduated in 1846 in the Western
Reserve College, located at Hudson. He
immediately turned his attention to the
study of medicine, attended lectures in
the Cleveland Medical College, and re-
ceived his degree of M. D. there in 1848.
The next two years of his life were spent
in travel and study in both the United
States and Europe, a large part of this
period being passed in Paris. In 1851,
however, he returned to Cleveland, Ohio,
and began to practise, but was too much
interested in the natural sciences to en-
joy the dull routine of medical practice,
and in May, 1855, when offered by the
War Department the position of acting
assistant surgeon and geologist of the
United States Exploring Expedition
under Lieut. R. S. Wilhamson, designed
to explore the region between San
Francisco and the Columbia river,
accepted it without hesitation. In
1857-S he was again assigned by the War
Department to accompany Lieut. J. C.
Ives on his exploration of the Colorado
river, and his report of the results of this
exploration was scarcely completed when
he was ordered to join Capt. J. N.
Macomb, topographical engineer, United
States Army, in a further exploration of
the San Juan and upper Colorado rivers.
Elaborate and valuable reports of these
expeditions were published by the War
Department, until the outbreak of the
Civil War in 1861 turned the attention of
the government to more pressing duties.
Soon after the close of the war in 1866 he
was called to the chair of geology and
paleontology in the School of Mines of
Columbia College, New York, and this
position he continued to fill with entire
success until his death, December 7, 1892.
In 1869 he was called to Ohio as state
geologist, to direct the geological survey
of the state then ordered. He at once
organized the work and directed it with
energy and success until its completion in
1875, when he prepared and published
valuable reports of the results of his labors.
In 1884 he was also appointed paleon-
tologist of the United States Geological
Survey, with charge of the fossil fishes
and plants.
Dr. Newberry was a member of the Ohio State Medical Society, before which he read in 1852 a paper on "The Specific Identity of Typhus and Typhoid Fevers." Most of his writings were of a geological or paleontological character. He was one of the original corporators of the National Academy of Sciences, president of the New York Academy of Sciences and a member of numerous scientific societies of both this country and Europe.
H. E. H.
Cleave'a Biographical Cyclopedia of the State of Ohio, Cuyahoga Co. A History of Columbia University, Univer- sity Press, New York, 1904. A catalogue of the most important scientific writings of Dr. Newberry will also be found in Johnson's Cyclopedia, under his name, and also in the Surg.-general's Cat., Wash., D. C.
Nichols, Charles Henry (1820-1889).
Born on October 19, 1820, at Vassal- boro, Maine, Dr. Nichols stood long in the front rank of American superintend- ents of institutions for insane, and was associated with very much of their work.
He went as a boy to the schools of Maine and Providence, Rhode Island, and afterwards to the Universities of New York and Pennsylvania. He held his M. D. from the latter, also M. A., Union College, and an LL. D. from Columbia College, District of Columbia. His tutor- age in ministering to the insane was under Dr. Amariah Brigham in the State Asylum at Utica, New York, where he was chosen medical assistant in 1847. In 1849 he was appointed physician to the Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City, and resigned in 1852.
He was mentioned by Miss Dorothea Dix and selected by Pres. Filmore to superintend the construction and take charge of the government hospital for the insane at Washington. It was a great
