| Characteristic | Laser | E-beam | Resistance (spot) | Electric arc (gas tungsten) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat generation | Low | Moderate | Moderate-high | Very high |
| Weld quality | Excellent | Excellent | Good | Excellent |
| Weld speed | Moderate | High | Moderate | High |
| Initial costs | Moderate | High | Low | Low |
| Operating/maintenance costs | Low | Moderate | Low | Low |
| Tooling costs | Low | High | High | Moderate |
| Controllability | Very good | Good | Low | Fair |
| Ease of automation | Excellent | Good | Fair | Fair |
| Range of dissimilar materials which can be welded | Very wide | Wide | Narrow | Narrow |
4E.3 References
DeCarmo, E. P.: Materials and Processes in Manufacturing. Macmillan, New York, 1979. Fifth Edition.
Griffin, I. H.; Roden, E. M.; and Briggs, C. W.: Welding Processes, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1978. Second edition.
Houldcroft, P. T.: Welding Process Technology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1977.
Lindberg, R. A.: Processes and Materials of Manufacture. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1977. Second Edition. 714 pp.
Moore, H. D.; and Kibbey, D. R.: Manufacturing Materials and Processes, Irwin, Homewood, Illinois, 1965.
Phillips, A. L., ed.: Welding Handbook: Welding Processes - Gas, Are and Resistance. American Welding Society, New York, 1963. Fifth Edition.
Romans, D.; and Simons, E. N.: Welding Processes and Technology. Pitman and Sons. London, England, 1968.
Schey, J. A.: Introduction to Manufacturing Processes. McGraw-Hill, San Francisco, 1977.
Schwartz, M. M.: Metals Joining Manual. McGraw-Hill Book Co., San Francisco, 1979.
Yankee, H. W.: Manufacturing Processes. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1979. 765 pp.
