lO-year planning horizon. Volume 1I contains trends and forecasts of space technology. Volume I11 provides information about innovative systems, programs, and technology. Part A presents novel systems and programs validated by program offices but which are either beyond the 10-year planning period or are still deemed speculative. Systems and programs in Part B derive from sources other than the program offices and, as such, are considered more speculative than Part A missions. Part C presents emerging technologies with little or no historical trend, and provides best possible forecasts of their potential. An addition to the Model as a result of the present study should be made to Space Technology, volume II, under "Information Systems." Present categories include: 4.1 Sensors 4.2 Data processing 4.3 Communications The Study Group recommends the following addition to section 4 of volume II: 4.4 Computer science and technology (including computer systems, software, management services, and systems engineering) Further additions to w)lume II of the 1980 Model should be made under "Automated Operations." Present categories include only: 6.1 On-board automation 6.2 Automated problem solving 6.3 Machine vision The study group recommends the following additions to section 6 of volume Ii: 6.4 Automated "World Model" based information systems (including land and ocean modeling, Earth atmosphere modeling, planetary modeling, automatic mapping, intelligent image processing and information extraction, "smart" sensors, plan formation and scheduling, and global system management): 6.5 Automated learning and hypothesis formation (including analytic, inductive, and abductive inferences): 6.6 Natural language and other man-machine communication (including machine understanding of keyed natural language, machine participation in natural language dialogues, machine recognition/understanding of spoken language, machine generation of speech, and visual and other means of communication such as iconic formats): 6.7 Automated space manufacturing (including automatic extraction and purification of raw materials, forming of product components, product component assembly and inspection, autonomous system control, and self-replicating machine systems generally); 6.8 Teleoperators and robot systems (including the remote manipulator system, the teleoperator maneuvering system and other free-flying teleoperators, on-board teleoperated "walkers" and mobile workbenches, robot devices, "telepresence" operator sensory environments, and replicating telefactor systems); and 6.9 Self-replicating systems (including automata self-reference and self-reproduction methodologies, materials and parts and assembly closures, man-machine divisions of labor, and large complex hierarchical system control techniques). Finally, four additions should be made to Opportunity Systems/Programs, Volume III of the 1980 Model. Under the categories "Resource Observation" and "Global Environment" there are no entries. The Intelligent Earth Sensing information System (IESIS), developed by the Terrestrial Applications Team, may be inserted in either category as it fulfills the mission descriptions of both. A System/ Program Summary may be assembled from information provided in chapter 2 of this report. Under the category of "Planetary Missions" should be added the Autonomous Titan Survey Demonstration mission conceived by the Space Exploration Team as a precursor to interstellar-capable exploratory systems. A System/ Program Summary of the proposed Titan demonstration mission may be generated from information provided in chapter 3. Under the category of "Utilization of the Space Environment" two additions should be made. First is the SMF mission devised by the Nonterrestria] Utilization of Materials Team as a self-contained, evolving automated orbital manufacturing capability eventually using extraterrestrial material resources. Full details are provided in chapter 4, which may be used to assemble a System/Program Summary. Second is the Self-Replicating Growing Lunar Manu facturing Facility proposed by the Replicating Systems Concepts Team as a prototype for an autonomous general purpose factory able to reproduce its own substance from arbitrary raw material substrates. A System/Program Summary may be prepared from information provided in chapter 5 of this report. All four missions should be entered in Part B of volume I11 since they are opportunity programs unsupported at present by NASA program offices. As such support materializes they may be upgraded to Part A.
7.3 Conclusions and Recommended Technology Priorities Many detailed conclusions and recommendations regarding technology needs and development requirements have been identified and discussed elsewhere in this report. An effort is made here briefly to highlight the major themes and milestone recommendations of the entire study activity having hi mst
