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Page:Al-Ghazzali - Some Religious and Moral Teachings of Al-Ghazzali (1921).djvu/64

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FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY
57

The question may be asked: If God is the ultimate cause why should there be a causal connection in the orderly succession of events? The answer to this lies in the correct understanding of the nature of causation, Nothing causes anything, Antecedents have consequents.[1] God alone is the efficient cause, but the ignorant have misunderstood and misapplied the word power. As to the orderly succession of events, let 1t be understood that the two events are conjoined like the relation between the condition and the conditioned. Now certain conditions are very apparent and can be known easily by people of little understanding, but there are conditions which are understood only by those who see through the light of intuition: hence the common error of miscalculating the uniformity of events. There is a divine purpose linking the antecedents to the


  1. Ghazzali here anticipated Hume. "Seven hundred years before Hume, Ghazzali cut the bond of causality with the edge of his dialectic". Journal of the American Oriental Society. vol XX 103.