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Page:Al-Ghazzali - Some Religious and Moral Teachings of Al-Ghazzali (1921).djvu/68

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FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY
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power is the image of God's power the word was applied to him figuratively. Yet, just as the death of a culprit is caused by the actual killing by the hand of the executioner and not the king's order, so the word cause actually applied to man is contrary to fact. God alone is the real efficient cause, and the word must be applied to him in its root sense of power.

It may be asked then, why man should be rewarded for his good actions and punished for his misdeeds. Let us consider first the nature of reward and punishment. Experience tells us that things have natural properties and that physical laws operate in a uniform manner. Take, for example, the science of medicine. Certain drugs are found to possess certain qualities. If a man swallows poison of his own accord he


    The quantum of reason ye possessed is lost,And the head whose reason has fled is a till.Inasmuch as the unthankful are despicable,They are at last cast into the fiery pit.If ye really have trust in God, exert yourselves,And strive in constant reliance on the Almighty.'(Translation by E.Whinfield, Masnavi, 2nd ed 1898 Bk.I.pp.19–20.)