- a. ‑ivo- produces eò, as in beò, *givo‑s, Lat. vivus, or ia in biadh (*bïvoto‑n, cf. dia), dian.
- b. ‑evo- produces eò, as in ceò, *skevo‑, Eng. shower; deò, W. dywy, *devo‑, Lat. fûmus, eòrna. Stokes gives cliù as *klevos, Thurneysen as kloves‑.
- c. ‑ovi- gives nuadh, *novios, ‑ovo- in crò (*krovos), ‑ovṇ- in òg.
- d. ‑avi- in ogha (*pavios); dàth (*daviô); ‑avo- in clò.
- e. ‑eivi- in glè, ‑eivo- in dia.
(3) Post-consonantal v.
- a. After liquids it becomes bh. See garbh, marbh, searbh, tarbh, dealbh, sealbh, meanbh, banbh.
- b. After explosives it disappears save after d, (ꬶv): feadhbh, widow, O. Ir. fedb, faobh, baobh. For gv, see g below.
- c. After s, it sometimes disappears, sometimes not. Thus piuthar is for *svesôr, O. Ir. siur, whereas in searbh (*svervo‑s), solus (but follas), seinn, etc., it disappears.
The Consonant Vowels.
These are ṛ, ḷ, ṇ, ṃ; ṝ, ḹ, ṇ̄, ṃ̄. The regular representation of ṛ, ḷ in G. is ri, li (mutated forms being rea, rei, lea, lei). See the following regular forms: bris, britheamh, fri, lit; also the modified forms—bleath, bleoghainn, breith, cleith, dreach, leamhann, leathan (?), sreath.
The numerous Gaelic a forms of I. E. e roots containing liquids fall to be noticed here. Some of them Brugmann explains as glides before sonants, somewhat thus: G. mair, remain, O. Ir. maraim, would be from mṛra‑, root mer, Lat. mora; so sgar from sker; garbh, marbh.
Add the following:—alt, carbad. (Lat. corbis), bàrr, bard, cairt, garg, mall, dall, sgàird (Lat. muscerda), tart, tar; fras, flath, fraigh, graigh, braich. With modified vowels in—coille (*caldet‑), doire, foil, goile, goirid, sgoilt.
The long vowels ṝ and ḹ appear regularly as rā (?) lā. See làn (*pḹ‑no‑, Skr. pūrnas), slàn, tlàth, blàth. Long ṝ seems to appear as ār in dàir, màireach, fàireag (?).25
Vocalic n and m may be looked for in G. samhail, which Brugmann explains as sṃmḷli‑s, in tana, thin; reversed in magh and nasg.
Compensatory ṇ plays a great part in G., appearing usually as eu (ao). We have ceud, hundred, W. cant, deud, W. dant, teud,
25 See Supplement to Outlines of Gaelic Etymology.
