THE WINTER SOLSTICE ALTARS AT HANO
PUEBLO
By J. WALTER FEWKES
Introduction
The fetishes displayed in their kivas by different phratries during the Winter Solstice ceremony at the Hopi pueblo of Walpi, in northeastern Arizona, have been described in a previous article, 1 in which the altar made in the Monkiva, or " chief M cere- monial chamber, by the Patki and related people has been given special attention. The author had hoped in 1898 * to supplement this description by an exhaustive study of the Winter Solstice ceremonies of all the families of the East Mesa, but was prevented from so doing by the breaking out of an epidemic. This study was begun with fair results, and before withdrawing from the kivas he was able to make a few observations on certain altars at Hano which had escaped him in the preceding year.
Walpi, commonly called by the natives Hopiki, " Hopi pueblo," began its history as a settlement of Snake clans which had united with the Bear phratry. From time to time this settlement grew in size by the addition of the Ala, Pakab, Patki, and other phratries of lesser importance. Among important in- crements in modern times may be mentioned several clans of Tanoan ancestry, as the Asa, Honani, and the like. These have all been assimilated, having lost their identity as distinct peoples and become an integral part of the population of Walpi, or of its colony, Sitcomovi.' Among the most recent arrivals in Tusayan
1 The Winter Solstice Ceremony at Walpi {American Anthropologist, vol. XI).
2 These studies were made under the auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
3 Most of the people of Sitcomovi are of the Asa and Honani clans, of Tanoan ancestry, but they long ago lost the Tewa language and their Tanoan identity.
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