228 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [N. s., 22, 1920
In the Society group there were early platform, and later pyramidal types of maraes ; the pyramid growing out of the superposition of a number of platforms. In Hawaii were found early platform and pyramidal types, and later walled heiaus with inner compartments. In the Marquesas there developed the platform ma'ae, sometimes consisting of several terraces running up a hillside. And in Easter island there were the stone platforms on which the great images stood, the platforms being stepped on the landward side. 1
The variation in form of the tomb-temple in the several groups may be explained for the most part by local environment and political development. Thus, the influence of environment is to be seen best in the Marquesas where the necessity of accomodating the temples to the abrupt slopes of the valleys produced the terrace forms. The effect of political development may be seen in Hawaii, where the organization of state and cult had attained its greatest development. This led to the exclusion of commoners from temple ceremonial and to the development of the great walled heiaus.
The use of large stone construction in tombs and temples seems scarcely to have touched the Cook group, and not to have influenced New Zealand at all. Thus, large stone construction was found to have been confined to the northern and central part of the area.
Certain important features connected with tomb-temples occurred pretty generally over the whole area, including New Zealand. The first of these was the association of the places of worship and places of burial which was discussed above. 2 Other features of importance were the following.
1 Society Group: Paul Huguenin, "Raiatea la Sacree," Bulletin de la Societe
Neuchateloise de Geographic, Tome xiv, p. 164. Neuchatel, 1902. Duff's
Voyage, p. 304. D. Tyerman, and G. Bennett, Journal of the Voyages and Travels, etc., compiled
by James Montgomery, pp. 176, 194-5. Boston and New York, 1832. Hawaii: Cook, op. cit., p. 968.
A. Fornander, An Account of the Polynesian Race, vol. n, p. 6. London, 1878-
1885.
Ellis, op. cit., vol. iv, pp. 97-8, 116. Marquesas: Dr. Tautain, "Notes sur les Constructions et les Monuments des
Marquises," V Anthropologie, vm, pp. 667-71. Easter Island: Thompson, op. cit., pp. 499, 502.
2 This was, of course a natural concomitant of the ancestral cult which constituted a fundamental element in the worship everywhere.
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