FREUD'S THEORY OF DREAMS[1]
By Ernest Jones, M. D. (London), University of Toronto
Freud's theory of dreams occupies a nodal position in his psychology, constituting as it does a point of conjunction for his various conclusions on normal and abnormal mental life. From it as a starting-point he has developed outlooks that call for the earnest consideration of psychologists, for it is extensively conceded that if his conclusions are true they carry with them a revolutionary change in our knowledge of the structure and functions of the mind. These broader aspects of his theory will not here be considered,[2] the present paper being intended merely to delineate the main outlines of the dream theory proper. Owing to the richness of the subject-matter even this purpose can here of necessity be but very imperfectly attained, so that the following description can at best only serve as an introduction to the study of the Traumdeutung[3] No just criticism of the theory can be made without a careful perusal of this volume, in which Freud has in detail entered into all the manifold problems relating to dreams, has presented the evidence on which his conclusions are based, and has fully discussed rival views and anticipated the possible objections that may be raised to his own. A few illustrative examples, drawn from the writer's experience, will accompany the present paper, but in order to economise space no dream-analyses will be detailed, it being proposed to do this in a subsequent article.
The method Freud uses in the investigation of dreams is that termed by him Psycho-Analysis, and on the question of the reliability of this method rests that of the validity of his conclusions. No account of psycho-analysis itself can be given here,[4] for that alone would exact a long exposition, but
- ↑ Amplified from a paper read before the American Psychological Association, Dec. 29, 1909.
- ↑ A general sketch of Freud's psychology is given in the April number of the Psychological Bulletin.
- ↑ 1st ed. 1900, 2d ed. 1909.
- ↑ Without considering any questions of technique I have elsewhere given brief accounts of it (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, June-July, 1909, and Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1910). Freud's account of the original technique, which has later been considerably elaborated and modified, may be found in Dr. A. A. Brill's translation, entitled Selected Papers on Hysteria (Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Monograph Series, No. 4, 1909).
