THE GERMAN INNER MISSION.
Literature. In addition to the works mentioned in a former article [1] the following may be consulted: Die innere Mission der deutschen evanglischen Kirche, eine Deukschrift an die deutsche Nation, by J. H. Wichern. Johann Hinrich Wichern; Leben und Wirken, by F. Oldenberg. Das Rauhe Haus, 1833–1883, by J. Wichern. Bismarck and State Socialism (chapter ii.), by W. H. Dawson. Die Armengesetzgebung, by Dr. E. Munsterberg. Die Arbeiterfrage, by Dr. H. Herkner, 1894, gives bibliography. A History of the Christian Church, by Dr. Charles Hase, pp. 548 ff., 591, 592. History of Doctrines, by Dr. K. R. Hagenbach, Vol. II., pp. 373 ff. Lehmann, Werke der Liebr, ss. 1–49. Die Weibliche Diakonie, by Pastor Schäfer. Deaconesses, by J. S. Howson. The Romance of Charity, by J. de Liefde. Life of Pastor Fliedner, by Catherine Winkworth. Deaconesses, Lucy Rider Meyer. Deaconesses in Europe, and Their Lessons for America, by Jane M. Bancroft, Ph.D. Vorträge, by J. H. Wichern. Der Diakonissenberuf, by Erail Wacker. Praying and Working, by W. F. Stevenson. Kaiserswerth and its Founder, by E. Kinnicutt (in Century, 51:84, November 1895). The Inner Mission, by J. B. Paton.
II.
THE EXPERIMENTAL STAGE.
The immediate causes of a social movement are found in the beliefs, sentiments, sympathies, fears, hopes and aims of those who guide it. These psychical states may be considered impartially and historically without regard to the truth or falsehood of their basis. An objective description of the phenomena may be given by one who has no sympathy with the motives of the actors and who does not share their creed. The inquiry here is social and not metaphysical, not theological. But the writer does not wish to conceal his general sympathy with the essential purposes of the movement now under consideration, although he believes the facts may be allowed to carry their own witness to the truth and beneficence of the beliefs which organized and sustained the movement.
- ↑ American Journal of Sociology, March 1896, p. 583.
