machines which tend to make war of nothing but a repetition, on a large scale, of the wholesale butchery carried on in the stockyards of Chicago; while, on the other hand, the labors of the champions of international arbitration are not only treated with politeness and respect, but are even seriously discussed in the columns of these newspapers. Thus it is no easy matter to give an outline, even though extremely imperfect, of what is being done in this direction, and to measure more or less approximately the ground gained by the propaganda of peace during the last two or three years only.
In the first place, a most striking and significant fact is the ever-increasing rapidity with which these societies for the promotion of peace have sprung up. The Peace Society was not the only organization of this kind in England, but it was the only important one for a long time. Today it has the satisfaction of seeing numerous societies which have sprung up in imitation of it, first among which stands the International Arbitration and Peace Association, under the direction of a man who has a truly international reputation, Mr. Hodgson Pratt; the International Arbitration League, of which Mr. Randall Cremer is the leading spirit; the Women's Peace Association, to which Mrs. Henry Richards has devoted herself, thus continuing the work of the man whose name she bears; and many others, sustained by the zeal and generosity of such women as Miss Peackover and Miss Ellen Robinson.
In France we no longer have merely the Societé Française pour l'arbitrage, which includes such men as Jules Simon; Berthelot, the present Minister of Foreign Affairs; Trarieux, former Minister of Justice; Charles Richet, the eminent physiologist; d'Arsonval, the successor of Claude Bernard and of Brown-Séquard; Armand Gautier, Professor of Chemistry in the Medical College and member of tin Institute; Baron Courcel, Ambassador to Emgland; Arthur Desjardins, attorney general in the Court of Appeals and member of the Institute; DeFoville, Master of the Mint, and member of the Institute; Lyon Caen, professor in the Law School and member of the Institute; Henry
