296 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
If the wage system were uniform for all grades of labor, it would be no better than slavery as a means of individual prog- ress. But by grading the pay according to the quality of ser- vice, higher motives than the craving for necessities can be evoked. The minimum wages paid by Mr. George are twelve cents an hour for six hours' work, or seventy-two cents a day. Curiously enough, when boys are the employers they pay ten or fifteen cents a day higher wages, but they compel their employes to work harder and somewhat longer. Policemen are paid ninety cents a day ; the chief of police $1.25 ; senators and representa- tives $2 a week ; police commissioners and other officers Si to $2 a week. Civil service examinations are held by the civil service commissioners for the policemen and all appoint- ive officials. The examinations cover the common branches of study as taught in the public schools and at the Republic.
SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY. JOHN R. COMMONS.
THE DAIRY
