596 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
which the pupil draws a free-hand sketch shown in the upper right-hand corner. Upon this sketch arc placed the dimensions indicating the several values which are necessarv mathematic- ally to represent the orthographic projections drawn mechanic- ally; these are shown in the two views at bottom of the sheet.
The instructor supplies each pupil with the model and drawing paper; the free-hand sketch is made and submitted. If it shows the necessary projections and dimensions, then a large sheet of paper, drawing board, triangles, "T" square, and dividers are given. The pupil must now draw, mechanically, the views representing No. 26, as per sketch, not having the model. When this is accepted, stock and tools are supplied, and the actual operation of making a scoop begins. The stock must first be planed to a rectangular block, the size of which will incorporate the irregular form of the model.
Next, the lines representing the plan are cut on the curves with a thin, narrow saw ; then the surface indicated by the long top slant line is cut off, followed by the top cuive of the handle. We now have our first signs of a scoop. The tools used up to now are plane, square, rule, and saw; these are tools which test length, angularity, and smoothness of surface.
The next operation is to remove the mass of stock follow- ing the inside curve lines, thus forming the " bowl " of the scoop. Two new tools are introduced here : the gouge and scraper; these and two additional tools, the wood file and sand- paper, are used to give the complete form and symmetry, as found in the finished model.
This is an excellent model for developing " self-control." There is concentration of mind in following the progressive stages of its development ; muscular activity is employed, where energy is applied in one case liberally, removing large quantities of material and employing the larger muscles, and immediately following is a cautious, measured operation, employ- ing delicate muscles in severalty and unison, producing accurate form and dimensions which must be tested by the eye, and judged by the pupil's concept of pleasing form and harmonious line combinations.
