l8o THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
created to exercise the functions formerly exercised by the two. It controls the several state institutions and inspects annually all county insane asylums, almshouses, jails, and police stations. The board is a salaried, continuous body, consisting of five mem- bers, one appointed by the governor each year, serving for five years. The salary of members is S2,000 per year. The board has also an annual appropriation of §3,000 to defray the salary of a secretary and other expenses.
The Rhode Island State Board of Charities and Corrections has control of all the institutions on the State Farm. It con- sists of nine members (and a salaried secretary), appointed by the governor and confirmed by the senate, serving for six years. It is an unsalaried board, only the actual expenses incurred being defrayed by the state.
South Dakota, Kansas, Iowa, and Arkansas have placed all their state institutions for defectives under state boards of con- trol. South Dakota's board is a continuous body, consisting of five members, appointed by the governor and confirmed by the senate, and serving for six years. They receive 83 per day for the time spent (not more than one hundred days per year) in the performance of their duties. The board of trustees of the Kansas state institutions for defectives is very similar to that of Dakota. The Arkansas board has control over the schools for the blind, and the deaf and dumb, and the hospital for the insane. It consists of six members, one from each congres- sional district, appointed by the governor and serving for two years. The Iowa legislature, at its last session ( 1 898) , placed all the state institutions under the control of a board of three.
The State Board of Charities and Reform of Wyoming, created in 1891, was in 1895 given full control of all the state institutions. It combines the functions of an administrative and of an advisory board. Besides directing the several institutions, one of its members must visit all county jails at least once each year. Unlike the other state boards, it consists of certain state officers, viz., the state treasurer, the state auditor, and the state superintendent of public instruction.
Seventeen states have advisory boards. These are usually
