A CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL FACTS BASED UPON SOCIAL NEEDS OR TENDENCIES.[1]
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Collective needs or tendencies
Functions
Institutions
Pathological facts
I.
So-called material needs.
Nourishment, clothing, shelter.
Victualing, exchange, transportation, communication.
Social economy.
Hygiene.
Police and collective defense.
Reproduction of social forms; social heredity.
Various devices: hunting, fishing, pastoral life, agriculture, industry.
Commercial and colonial institutions, transportation companies, railway and navigation companies; posts and telegraphs.
Money, credit; public treasure; appropriations and taxes.
Medical and pharmaceutical service; lazarettos, hospitals; cemeteries; public cleaning service.
Police; army and navy; diplomacy; spy system.
Marriage, family; educational institutions.
Social inertia.
do.
Bankruptcies; frauds; smuggling.
Devices for the ruin of the public health; alcoholism, debauchery.
War; treason; crime.
Depopulation; infanticide; prostitution; political struggles.
II.
Needs: (a) of the intellect (esprit).
(b) of the emotions (cœur).
Collective curiosity, social imagination; public opinion; common sense; collective judgment; objective knowledge.
Press and book-stores (newspapers, publications, books).
Literary meetings; academies, theaters.
Science; learned societies; libraries, laboratories, etc.
Superstition.
Error; excess of imagination.
Ignorance.
Social emotivity; aesthetic and religious sensibility.
Holidays; games; funeral ceremonies; amusement societies; artistic societies. Religions, cults, and churches.
Enthusiasms, panics; institutions for debauchery; fanaticism.
- ↑ G. L. Duprat, "Morphologie des faits sociaux: II. Classification des faits sociaux," Revue Internationale de Sociologie, March, 1899.
