STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY IN UNITED STATES 535
of sociology. These include the statistics of land, production of food, condition of labor, wages, money, credit, prices, commerce, manufactures, trade, imports and exports, national wealth, public debt, and relative incomes.
Sociology 19. Theory of statistics. This course studies the theory of statistics, averages, mean error, law of probabilities, rules for collecting, tabulating, and pre- senting statistics, graphical methods, the value of the results obtained by the statistical method, the possibility of discovering social laws.
Sociology 20. Social evolution. Professor Giddings. The advanced study of general sociology is begun in this course. It includes three parts, namely : (i) a brief preliminary account of the scientific position, scope, concepts, problems, methods, ar d empirical laws of sociology; (2) a study of origins and early history of society, with special attention to the early forms and later development of the family; to the origin, structure, and functions of the clan ; to the organization of the tribe, and to the rise of tribal federation ; (3) a study of the origin, establishment, and nature of civilization, with special attention to the influence of ethnic elements, to developments of social feeling and prevailing beliefs, to the policies by which civilization has been extended, and to the conditions that have produced arrested civilizations.
Sociology 21. Progress and democracy. Professor Giddings. The phenomena of progressive as distinguished from stationary civilizations are the subject of this course, which includes three parts, namely : (i) a study of the causes and nature of progress, with special attention to the rise of discussion, to the growth of public opin - ion, and to the policies by which continuing progress is assured ; including measures for the expansion of intellectual freedom, for the repression of collective violence, and for the control of collective impulse by legality and deliberation ; (2) a study of the genesis, the nature, and the social organization of modern democracies, and of the extent to which non-political associations, as business corporations, labor unions, churches, and associations for culture and pleasure, are more or less democratic, with special attention to the rise of an ethical consciousness and of philanthropic endeavor, and to the democratic ideals of equality and fraternity in their relations to social order and to liberty; (3) a study of the conditions and laws of social survival, with special attention to the influences of character, occupation, mental and social activity, that are shaping the destinies of the American people.
Sociology 22. Pauperism, poor-laws, and charities. Professor Giddings. This course begins with the study of the English poor-law, its history, practical working, and consequences. On this foundation is built a study of pauperism in general, but especially as it may now be observed in great cities. The laws of the different com- monwealths in regard to paupers, out-relief, almshouses, and dependent children are compared. Finally the special modern methods of public and private philanthropy are considered, with particular attention to charity organization, the restriction of out- door alms, and the reclamation of children.
Sociology 23. Crime and penology. Professor Giddings. The topics taken up in this course are the nature and definitions of crime, the increase of crime and its modern forms, criminal anthropology, the social causes of crime, surroundings, parental neglect, education, the question of responsibility, historical methods of punishment, the history of efforts to reform prison methods, modern methods, the solitary system, the Elmira system, classification of criminals, classes of prisons, reformatories, and jails.
Sociology 24. The civil aspects of ecclesiastical organizations. Dr. Bayles.
