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THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
ft) The Malay- Polynesian, between the three types : on each side of the equator from Madagascar to Polynesia.
- ) The Egypto-Berber, between the white and yellow.
<a?) The Hottentot race, between the black and yellow.
e) The American or red race, between the white and yellow.
/") The Papuan race, a variety of the black.
These nine primary and secondary types, in their present dis- tribution, correspond to relatively distinct botanico-zoological regions. Their differences are quite apparent, without being absolutely definite. Indeed, they are still bound together by a great number of intermediary shades. These differences cor- respond also to certain more profound physiological and psy- chological variations, the most important limits of which we have already indicated.
The anatomical characteristics, and especially those of the cranium and the encephalon, are certainly more important in their connection with the present and successive states of civili- zation than the color and texture of the hair. They permit the classifying of the human species into seven principal varieties, divided in their turn into particular races :
1. The Caucasian variety, comprehending the Caucasian, Celtic, Semitic, Pelasgic, Saxon, Slav, Finn, Turk, Aino or Kurule, Persian, and Indian races. All of this variety has a facial angle of from 80 to 90. The most advanced races of this variety are the most mixed and do not belong to the extreme types of either the dolichocephalic or brachycephalic races.
2. The Mongolian or yellow variety, including the Indo- Semitic and hyperborean. Its facial angle is from 75 to 80. It is brachycephalic.
3. The American variety, comprising the North American and Columbian, Pampean, Indo-Peruvian, Greenland, and Esquimo races. These last two are sometimes classed with the hyper- borean, but they are dolichocephalic and prognathic like all of the American varieties, with the exception of the redskins and the Indo-Peruvians. who are brachycephalic.
4. The Polynesian variety, comprehending the Polynesian, Micronesian, and Malayan races. It is dolichocephalic and
