THOMAS 1138 THOMAS sylvania, both of whom survived him. He was descended from the early settlers of Penn- sylvania, and was a Friend. His education was had at the Friends' Academy in Fourth Street, and at Friends' West-Town Boarding School. When sixteen he entered the count- ing-house of Walters & Souder of Philadel- phia, afterwards taking up the study of medi- cine with George Fox. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1847 with the thesis "Morbus Coxarius." He became demonstrator of anatomy at Frank- lin Medical College, and in 1850 was elected to the chair of materia medica in the College of Pharmacy, holding this position until his death. In 18SS he was appointed consulting surgeon to the Philadelphia Hospital (Blockley), and in 1857 consulting surgeon to the Northern Dispensary, and the same j-ear attending sur- geon to the Episcopal Hospital; in 1862, when the new wings in this hospital were opened to receive sick and wounded soldiers, the government commissioned Thomas surgeon-in- charge. Dr. Thomas edited the second edition of Griffith's "Formulary" in 1859, and the tenth and eleventh editions of Ellis's "Formulary" in 1854 and 1864. He translated Cazeaux's work on "Midwifery," and contributed papers to the Journal of Pharmacy and to the "Pro- ceedings of the American Pharmaceutical As- sociation"; an interesting paper showed the difference between the Texas sarsaparilla and the true or genuine sarsaparillas ; another described a hybrid intermediate between the garlic and the leek sold as garlic in Phila- delphia ; still another was on the culture of elaterium. He wrote "On the Use of Sulphate of Cinchonia, as a Substitute for the Sulphate of Quinia" {American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1856 n. s., xxxi, 269-271), and "On the Colour Tests of Strychnia As Modified by the Presence of Morphia" (American Jour- nal of the Medical Sciences, 1862, n. s., xliii, 342-347). He contributed articles on surgery to the American Journal of the Medical Sciences, in one of which he described an apparatus "to maintain counter-extension and extension," in fracture of the thigh (1861). In 1849 Dr. Thomas married Sarah, daugh- ter of John Bacon, of Philadelphia; they had three children. He was an Episcopalian. He died after an illness of thirty-si.x hours, of "congestion of the brain," at his home in Philadelphia, February 3, 1864. Trans. Coll. Phys., Phila., 1865, n. s., pp. 159-162. H. Hartshorne. Trans. Med. Soc. Pa., 1866, 4 s, pt. 2, pp. 105-110. Thomas, Theodore Gaillard (1831-1903). T. Gaillard Thomas, New York gynecolo- gist, was born on Edisto Island, Charleston, South Carolina, November 21, 1831, a lineal descendant of the Rev. Samuel Thomas, who in 1794 was sent by the Church of England as a missionary to establish the Episcopal Church in South Carolina. His father was the Rev. Edward Thomas, a clergyman of the Episcopal Church. Through his mother he was descended from Joachim Gaillard, a Huguenot, who went to South Carolina after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Educated in the Charleston ( South Caro- lina) College, he left there in the senior year to enter the Medical College of the State of South Carolina, where he graduated in 1852. After completing his interneship at Belle- vue Hospital (which began during the epi- demic of typhus fever), and in the Emigrant Refuge Hospital on Ward's Island, New York, he went to Europe, going over on a sailing ship and returning on a large emigrant vessel as surgeon. He remained in Europe nearly two years, visiting and serving as interne in the different hospitals, giving special attention to obstetrics in the Rotunda Hospital at Dubhn. Upon his return to New York he established, with Dr. Donahae, a quiz class in connection with the University of New York, which was very successful and attracted much attention. Later he formed a partnership with Dr. John T. Metcalfe, who was then the leading general practitioner of the city. This association con- tinued for fifteen years. In these years he devoted himself especially to obstetrics, being professor of that specialty in the University Medical College for eight years, succeeding Dr. Bedford (q. v.) in 1855. In 1863 he was appointed professor of obstet- rics and the diseases of women. and children, at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, un- til the chair of diseases of women was estab- lished, when he was elected to fill it. In 1870 he did a vaginal ovariotomy. In 1872 he was elected attending surgeon to the Woman's Hospital, when he practically gave up general practice to devote himself to gynecology. Dr. Thomas is remembered by those who were associated with him at the Woman's Hospital as a handsome man of me- dium height, with brown hair and beard, well groomed, of an affable manner and precise and impressive in his statements. He married Mary T. Willard of Troy, New York, in 1862. From 1872 to 1887 he was attending surgeon
