riLTON 1149 TODD Medical Society for many years, and an hon- orary member of the New York St.ite Medical Society. He also served in the State Senate from 1828 to 1835. He died full of years and honors. May 7, 1870. Henry E. Handerson. Trans. Ohio State Med. Soc. 1870. Obit, by Dr. E. B. Stevens. No portrait of Dr. Tilden is known to the writer, nor have any literary pro- ductions from his pen been preserved. Tilton, James (1745-1822). James Tilton, Surgeon-General of the Army, was one of the first recipients of M. D. from the Philadelphia School of Medicine. He was born, June 1, 1745, in the county of Kent, then one of the three "lower counties" of the province of Pennsylvania, but now of the State of Delaware. Practitioner in Dover, Dela- ware, he entered the army in 1776 as surgeon of the Delaware Regiment, w^ith which he saw much service until his promotion in 1778 to the grade of hospital surgeon, in which ca- pacity he proved of much value, strenuously opposing the combination of purveyor and di- rector-general in one person and the over- crowding of hospitals : from the latter cause he himself acquired typhoid. While command- ing hospitals at Trenton and New Windsor he introduced the hut system, and upon the re- organization of the medical department in 1780 was appointed senior hospital physician and surgeon. Perhaps he is best known by his untiring eiiforts to secure army medical or- ganization reform. While serving with the forces in Virginia he was present at the capitu- lation of Yorktown and was mustered out in 1782, This was followed by one term in Con- gress and many re-elections to the Legislature, during which period he was engaged in civilian practice with Tiorticulture as a recreation. The year 1812 saw his brochure upon "Economical Observations on Military Hospitals, and the Prevention and Cure of Diseases Incident to an Army," which made so deep an impression as to cause his appointment as physician and surgeon-general of the army in 1813. By per- sonal inspection and supervision he enormously improved the sanitary conditions of the army and materially reduced the sick rate. He served several times as president of his State Medical Society. During the latter part of his service as phy- sician and surgeon-general he developed ma- lignant growths which prevented further ac- tive service until mustered out at the close of the war. One of these growths affected one lower extremity, necessitating its ampu- tation, during the course of which the patient supervised and directed the operation with un- exampled fortitude. Dr. Tilden was of a spare habit and of a jovial disposition. Six feet six inches tall, his hair and complexion were dark. He was a bachelor and a bit odd in his habits. Drinking neither tea nor coffee he plumed himself upon the fact that he had neither cups nor saucers in the house. His declining years were passed in a stone mansion overlooking the city of Wilmington, surrounded by his fields and gar- dens he loved so dearly. He died. May 14, 1822, at his home, at the ripe age of seventy-six. James Evelyn Pilcher. Jour, of the Assoc. Mil. Surg, of the United States. James Evelyn Pilcher. 1904. vol. xiv. portrait, and The Surg.-Gens. of the United States Army, Carlisle, Pa., 1905. Portrait. Todd, Archibald Stevenson (1798-1883). Archibald Stevenson Todd, physician and botanist, one of a family of five physicians, was born April 10, 1798, the son of John Todd, an officer in the American Revolution, and Jane Caldwell. His grandfather was a physician, who came from the north of Ireland, and settled in Washington County, New York, in pre- Revolutionary days. His brother, Martin Lu- ther Todd, also a physician, instructed him in medicine, and he graduated M. D. at the Transylvania LTniversity in 1824. He was a founder of the West Virginia State Medical Association in 1867 and its president; a founder of the Wheeling and Ohio County Medical Society in 1868 ; and organizer of the first Wheeling dispensary and vaccine insti- tution, in 1845. Dr. Todd's interests were far- reaching and included botany, mineralogy and astronomy. As a botanist and mineralogist he was looked upon as a leader in western Vir- ginia, and was the author of a book on botany entitled '"Wild Flora of West Virginia"; his "Astronomical Observations" appeared in some of the leading magazines. For half a century he was identified with all that was concerned with the prosperity and good name of Wheel- ing. He was an earnest, active Christian and an elder in the Presbyterian Church. His wife was Mary E. Jarrett, of Morgan- town, West Virginia; they had one son, Mar- tin Luther, who became a minister, and four daughters, one of whom, Carolene Louise, married John Cox Hupp, M. D. Frank LeMoyne Hupp. Todd, Eli (1769-1833). Eli Todd, Superintendent of the Hartford Retreat, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, July 22, 1769. His father was Michael Tod<l, a wealthy merchant, who died insane. Having
