macy, from which he graduated in 1842. Several years were spent in this profession, in which such able work was done as to gain him an award of merit from the Franklin Institute. He then studied medicine with Prof. John K. Mitchell (q. v.) and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1845, when he relinquished his chemical work, though he remained for some time a lecturer at the Franklin Institute on chemistry applied to the arts.
He served for a term as resident physician at the Blockley Hospital in Philadelphia, and in 1857 was elected one of the physicians in the Western Clinical Infirmary (later Howard Hospital) in the department of diseases of the eye and ear, and served until 1887. In 1859 he visited Europe, travelled extensively, devoting himself to the study of diseases of the eye and ear. He served during the Civil War in Emory Hospital and at Fortress Monroe. His chief work was in ophthalmology and otology, to the literature of which branches he contributed richly. In 1878 he was elected aural surgeon of the Jefferson Hospital. Dr. Turnbull's writings are permeated with a true scientific spirit, and recorded marked advances in their day. A fairly full list is in the Surgeon-General's catalogue, Washington, D. C.
He died in Philadelphia, October 24, 1900.
Turney, Samuel Denny (1824–1878).
The son of Dr. Daniel Turney and Janet Sterling Denny, he was born in Columbus, Ohio, on December 26, 1824. His father (1786–1827) had been one of the pioneers who had founded the town of Circleville, Ohio.
Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, had completed his education for the time when he went to Circleville, Ohio, to be a druggist's assistant to support his mother.
Shortly after he studied medicine with Dr. P. K. Hall, and in 1851 graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, then returned to Circleville until the Civil War began, when he was successively surgeon to the Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; staff colonel and medical director of Van Clave's division of the Army of the Cumberland and medical director-general of the hospitals at Murfreesboro. He was very keen on the erection of blockhouses, but, as usual in war time, there was a great deal of inefficient medical aid. A medicine chest was furnished each house, but knowledge to use its contents was often lacking. Turney wrote a semi-official and amusing pamphlet to go with each chest entitled "Block-house Surgery for Block-heads."
He returned to private practice after the war and became professor of physiology and pathology in the Starling Medical College, at Columbus. After a visit to European clinics he became professor in the same college of diseases of women and children.
As an operator he was, at the beginning of an operation, somewhat nervous, but afterwards rapid and brilliant. He kept well up with the times both in work and reading, and his writings included: "History of the War of the Rebellion," "A New Principle in the Application of the Obstetric Forceps," The Use of Esmarch Bandages in Chronic Ulcers," and "Solid Food in Typhoid Fever."
Turney died after an attack of inflammation of the brain on January 18, 1878.
Turnipseed, Edward Berriam (1829–1883).
This surgeon was born in Richland County, South Carolina, on October 29, 1829, of English and German parentage, in a house built on land granted to his family in Richland. He graduated M. D. from South Carolina Medical College, Charleston, in 1852, then studied medicine in Paris and afterwards went to St. Petersburg and entered the Russian Army as surgeon-major, doing efficient work during the siege of Sevastopol, getting knighted by the Emperor and receiving other orders; not returning to America until 1856, when, after three years in New York, he settled in Richland, taking up his army practice again on the outbreak of the Civil War as brigade-surgeon, and afterwards resuming private practice, this time in Columbia, South Carolina. His wife was Clara M., daughter of J. T. Hendrix, of Lexington, South Carolina.
In the "Transactions of the South Carolina Medical Association" for 1875–77, Turnipseed is shown as an inventor of some useful surgical instruments, among them one for staphylorraphy, a quadrilateral urethrotome, a speculum, also a cotton chopper, and a beehive, showing he was of an inventive turn of mind. His writings include:
"Gossypium Herbaceum and Viscum Album, used by Negro Women to Procure Abortion," 1852; "Superior Maxillary Section of Malar and Pterygoid Process of Sphenoid Bone," 1868; "Modification of Syme's and Pirogoff's
