esteemed, the General Assembly of Virginia made an exception in his case and decreed that he should receive the pay due him, and also that he should be entitled to the bounty of land allowed surgeons of regiments raised under the authority of the state (Hening's "Statutes," vol. vi).
Dr. Brown married Miss Catherine Scott of the District of Columbia, and had a large family. His son, Gustavus Alexander, became a physician and practised in Alexandria for many years.
Dr. Brown died in January, 1792, and was buried at Preston, the Alexander estate, near Alexandria, Virginia.
His chief writing was a "Pharmacopœia for the Use of Army Hospitals," a copy of which is now in the Toner collection in the Library of Congress.
Browne, John Mills (1831–1894)
This surgeon-general of the Navy was born in Hinsdale, New Hampshire, May 30, 1831, and after graduating at the Harvard Medical School in 1852 entered the navy as assistant surgeon. From 1853 to 1858 he served on the Pacific coast, and was then promoted to the rank of surgeon and assigned to the United States ship Kearsarge. He was an eye-witness of the famous battle between the Kearsarge and the Alabama off the coast of France July 17, 1864. At the close of the war Browne was put in charge of Mare Island Naval Hospital near San Francisco. In 1878 he was commissioned medical director and transferred to Washington. Browne represented the medical department of the United States Navy at the International Congresses of 1881 in London and of 1884 in Copenhagen. He was appointed surgeon-general of the Navy in 1888 and reappointed in 1892, but retired in 1893 and died in Washington December 7 of the following year.
Bruce, Archibald (1777–1818)
Archibald Bruce, physician and mineralogist, was born in New York City, in February, 1777, and died there of apoplexy February 22, 1818. His father, William Bruce, the head of the British Army at New York, upon being ordered to the West Indies, specially directed that his son should not be brought up to the medical profession. Archibald had graduated in arts at Columbia College in 1795. He became interested in the lectures of Nicholas Romayne (q.v.) and in the teachings of Dr. Hosack (q.v.) and attended courses at Kings College. In 1798 he went to Europe and traveled in France, Switzerland and Italy for two years, collecting a mineralogical cabinet of great value, also attending lectures at the University of Edingburgh where he received an M.D. in 1800. He married in London and returned to New York in 1803 and began practice. From 1807 until 1811 he was professor of materia medica and mineralogy in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, when on the reorganization of the faculty, he and Romayne and others lectured in an extramural course. In 1810 he edited the first purely scientific journal in America, the Journal of American Mineralogy, which with the discovery of the hydrate of magnesia at Hoboken, contributed materially to extend his fame.
Brühl, Gustav (1826–1903)
Gustav Brühl, one of the oldest and most prominent physicians in Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on May 31, 1826, in Herdorf, a small village in Rhenish Prussia. His father was a proprietor of a mine in this mining district and lost his wife while Gustav was still a child, so he was therefore sent first to a boarding school and afterwards to a college in Treves. For medical education he visited the universities of Halle, Munich and Berlin. After finishing his studies in Europe, he resolved to emigrate to the United States of America, with the avowed intention of settling in Missouri, where an uncle of his was living at the time. On his journey thither, in 1848, he visited an aunt in Cincinnati, who prevailed upon him to abandon his further trip, and induced him to stay in that city. Owing to an outbreak of an epidemic of cholera he soon obtained a large practice, especially among the German population, in the western portion of the city, where he was the first, and, for a time, the only German physician, but he was soon known over the entire city. Besides his skill as a physician, his eminent literary qualifications, and particularly his oratory, enabled him to acquire a leading part in the intellectual life of the "Queen of the West," where he delivered lectures on the historical and political topics of the day, chiefly under the auspices of various German societies.
As a medical man he was interested in the organization of the first German Hospital of Cincinnati, which was founded by the Sisters
