CAMPBELL 194 CAMPBELL After an academic education Dr. Campbell at fifteen began to study medicine and entered the Medical College of Georgia (later the medical department of the University of Georgia), graduating in 1842 at the early age of eighteen. The same year he began the practice of medicine in Augusta, Georgia, where, except during the Civil War and dur- ing 1866-67, when he lived in New Orleans, Louisiana, he remained until his death. In the later years of his life, though having a large consulting practice, he devoted especial attention to surgery and gynecology. In gen- eral surgery he was noted as a lithotomist and for operations for the arrest of inflammation by ligation of the main arterial trunks. For lithotomy on the male he invariably performed the operation of Dupuytren and invented the grooved tampon en chemise which added greatly to the safety of this procedure. His contributions to the armamentarium of the gynecologist are many and valuable : the sliding-hook forceps for the operation for vesicovaginal fistula, the soft-rubber spring stem pessary for uterine flexions, the cushioned protean pessary for uterine versions, and the pneumatic repositor for the "self-replacement" of uterine dislocations. As a physiologist his investigations were principally into the struc- ture and functions of the nervous system. In 18S0 he demonstrated the "excito-secretoiy function of the nervous system" and the priority of this discovery magnanimously ac- corded him by the great English physiologist Marshall Hall, gave him an international repu- tation and led to his election as fellow of the St. Petersburg (Russia) Imperial Academy of Sciences. His work in the line of the pre- vention of yellow fever, dengue, etc., justly entitles him to a prominent place among the pioneer sanitarians of this country. Among appointments held was that of assistant demonstrator of anatomy in the Medical College of Georgia, 1854 to 18S7; professor of comparative anatomy and micro- scopical anatomy, 1857 to 1867; professor of anatomy, 1866-67 ; professor of surgery in the New Orleans School of Medicine, and clinical lecturer on surgery in Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana. The Medical College of Georgia in 1868 created the chair of operative surgery and gynecology and called Dr. Campbell to be professor, and in 1881 he became professor of principles and practice of surgery in his alma mater. Among many appointments held, he was president of the American Medical Asso- ciation in 1884; one of the founders of the American Gynecological Society; vice-presi- dent in 1881 ; and vice-president of the Amer- ican Surgical Society; president of the Medical Association of Georgia; corresponding mem- ber of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of St, Petersburg; corresponding member of the Royal Medical Society, Sweden; honorary member of the American Academy of Medicine. During the Civil War Dr. Campbell was surgeon and medical director of the Georgia military hospitals at Richmond, Virginia. He was also one of the collaborators on the "Manual of Military Surgery," prepared by order of the surgeon-general for die use of the surgeons of the Confederate Army, con- tributing the section on the ligation of arteries to that work, a section said to be the most succinct and graphic presentation of this sub- ject in the English language. Dr. Campbell was a voluminous writer on scientific and literary subjects. His contribu- tions are chiefly in the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal; Transactions of the American Medical Association; Transactions of the American Surgical Association; Trans- actions of the Amgrican Gynecological So- ciety; the American Journal of Obstetrics, and in the Southern Medical and Surgical Journal of which he was some time editor. In 1844 he married Sarah Bosworth, eldest daughter of Amory Sibley of Augusta, Georgia, and had one child, a daughter. He died December 15, 1891. Joseph Eve Allen. Virginia Med. Month., L. B. Edwards, 1880, vol. vii. Tr. Am. Surg. Asso., W. T. Briggs, Philadelphia, 1892, vol, X, There is a portrait in the Surg-gen,'s Lib., Wash- ington, D, C, Campbell, Matthew (1819-1902) Matthew Campbell was of Irish descent and born near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, on March 18, 1819. A self-made man, he was in early life a glass blower. When twenty-four he attended the University of Pennsylvania yet did not graduate there, but graduated when in practice at Winchester (Virginia) Medical College in 1853. After practising at Fairmont, Virginia, and Wheeling, in 1857 he became chief surgeon to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, attending the employes who were building the road and removing to Grafton, West Virginia, the most central point for his work. He remained in Grafton during the troublous times of the Civil War, but removed to Parkersburg in 1864. He established small hospitals along the railroad; an urgent necessity, for in three years he had 1,100 cases of injury to attend. 1/
