CLEVELAND 229 CLEVELAND with Dr. Reuben D. Mussey (q. v.) and his son and was partner with young Dr. Mussey when the father retired. In January, 1866, he married Sabra A. Birchard of Cambridge, Pennsylvania, and had two children, Mary Caroline and William, the little daughter dying when she was four years old. During the rebellion he held various posi- tions, serving under Gens. Mitchell and Rosecrans and as medical inspector of hos- pitals. The consulship at St. Petersburg was offered him, but he had just accepted and wished to keep the professorship of the prin- ciples of surgery and surgical anatomy in the Miami Medical College. He was also pro- fessor of descriptive and surgical anatomy and of operative and clinical surgery in the same college, and on the surgical staff of the Cincinnati Hospital. He died of acute pulmonary tuberculosis May 3, 1885, in Cincinnati. M. S. Mussey. From a Memorial Sketch by Dr. W. H. Falls, 1886. Cleveland, Emmeline Horton (1829-1878) It was in 1638 that the Horton family left England for America and down through six generations of ancestors, men and women who held culture, courage, and honor high, Emme- line Horton traced her descent. She was born at Ashford, Connecticut, September 22, 1829. As a child Emmeline showed hereditary tendency to phthisis, but apparently outgrew this. She was possessed of much personal beauty. Her father dying when she was nineteen it was largely owing to her own efforts in teaching that she made enough to go on studying. She entered Oberlin College, Ohio, in 1850, graduated in 1853, and at once entered the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania with the intention of fitting herself to be a medical missionary with her husband, the Rev. Giles Cleveland, whom she married in March, 1854. In the autumn she continued her medical studies and received her M. D. in 1855. Mr. Cleveland's health proved a barrier to their missionary hopes, and in 1856 the position of demonstrator of anatomy was accepted by Dr. Cleveland in her alma mater. Thence- forward her rare gifts were used untiringly to the honor and uplift of her profession. The death of her husband in 1857 laid a heavy burden of sorrow upon her, left a widow with a little son to rear. Intense prejudice then existed among the profession against the Woman's Medical School of Pennsylvania, and its non-recog- nition by the Philadelphia County Medical Society made the problem of securing ade- quate teachers very diffic'ult; so in 1860 with the assistance of the founders of the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia, Dr. Cleveland went abroad to fit herself as lecturer on obstetrics, and found in Europe the instruction and inspiration her own country could not afford, entering and graduating at the school of obstetrics, connected with the Paris Maternite. Some idea of the quality of her work is gathered from the fact that in addition to her diploma and in spite of the difficulties of study in a foreign language, she carried off five prizes, two of them firsts, credentials which gave her ready access to any European hospital. Availing herself of this she after- wards returned to Philadelphia, where the post of resident physician to the newly chartered hospital awaited her. From the chair of anatomy she was called to that of obstetrics, a position she held until death. Her surgical work in gynecology was brilliant, and history records her as the first woman ovariotomist. So good was her work, that only a few counter votes kept her out of the Philadelphia Obstetrical Society, but the year before her death a paper written by her was accepted and printed in their "Transactions." Not in the fullness of years, but of achieve- ment. Dr. Cleveland died of consumption at the age of forty-nine. When the end drew near she asked to be buried beside her friend Dr. Ann Preston (q. v.) ; together they had wrought, together they would rest, and the de- sire was fulfilled in Fair Hill Cemetery. Alfreda B. Withington. In Memoriam, The Woman's Journal, Boston, vol. ix. Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal, A. B. Stuart. vol. xxi. Papers read at the Memorial Hour Commemorative of the late Emmeline H. Cleveland, M.D., at the Woman's Medical College, Phila., March 12, 1879. Cleveland, Thomas Gold (1825-1873) Thomas Gold Cleveland, a physician of Cleveland, Ohio, and one of that well-known family from which the city received its name, was born in Madison County, New York, May 21, 1825. His father, Daniel Cleveland, a prosperous merchant of Madison, who had married Julia R. Gold, having experienced a financial reverse, migrated in 1835 to Cleve- land, Ohio. About the year 1843 the father with his family returned to New York, and settled in Utica, where his son worked under Dr. P. B. Peckham, with whom he studied medicine for three years. During this period too (probably in 1845-6), he attended a course of medical lectures in New York University, and eventually in the Cleveland Medical Col-
