GUSHING 271 GUSHING of Thomas Gushing and Elizabeth Adelaide Baldwin, both of Boston. He received his early education at Ghauncy Hall School, of which his father was principal for many years. His fondness for out of door life was fostered by his summers at North Scituate where his love of adventure manifested itself in a de- sire to follow the sea. He was persuaded to go to college first, however, and received the degree of bachelor of arts from Harvard in 1867 (Phi Beta Kappa). He began his medical studies at Harvard Medical School, but received his degree as doctor of medicine from the Gollege of Physicians and Surgeons in New York in 1871, on completing his course there. After a year as interne at Bellevue Hospital, he spent two years in study abroad, chiefly in Vienna, where he met Maria Magdelena Ralenowsky, whom he married December 27, 1873. Return- ing to Boston the next year, he entered genera! practice though he was especially interested in diseases of the nose and throat. From 1877 to 1884 he was physician to out-patients in the nose and throat department, Boston City Hospital. Having become interested in surgery in con- nection with the diseases of women, he again went abroad in 1885, studying chiefly in Berlin with August Martin, whose assistant he was for a time and whose work on "Pathology and Therapeutics of the Diseases of Women" he translated in 1890. In 1887 he was appointed secretary of the Section of Diseases of Women of the Ninth International Medical Gongress at Washington, and in the same year he founded the Annais of Gynaecology, called later the Annals of Gynaecology and Paediatry. Of this he con- tinued as editor until 1903. He contributed a large number of articles, chiefly to the various medical journals, and he was for many years a constant attendant at medical meetings where he exhibited specimens and read papers. In 1889 he was made surgeon to the Woman's Gharity Club Hospital, of which he was one of the founders, and two years later designed its new hospital building on Parker Hill, Roxbury. In 1892 he established a pri- vate hospital for women, where he did a great deal of work, largely in abdominal surgery, and this was the great interest of his later life. In 1890 he was again the secretary of the International Medical Congress (Tenth) which met at Berlin. In 1894 he became one of the members of the original faculty of the Tufts College Med- ical School as professor of gynecology; in 1898 "Abdominal Surgery" was added to his title, and in the same year Tufts also con- ferred on him the degree of LL. D. In 1913 he became professor emeritus. He was a mem- ber of the American Gynecological Society, the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Gollege of Surgeons ; and from its inception he was a trustee of the Robert B. Brigham Hospital for the chronic sick. Dr. Gushing was an Episcopalian and a man of deep religious feeling. He had a wide knowledge of the history and literature of the Church and he was familiar with the Bible as are few men today. He was a thorough optimist; genial, but direct and in- cisive in speech ; of retentive memory and an accomplished linguist ; for every occasion he had an apt quotation, usually from the classics. Greek was his especial pleasure in later years, his reading extending from Plato to the modern monthly magazine and daily paper, and he often spoke of his hope to visit "Hellas." He was in failing health for about a year before his death, which occurred in Boston at the Gushing Hospital, August 27, 1916. He was survived by his wife and five daughters, one of whom was also a physician and the wife of Dr. Timothy Leary, path- ologist. Stephen Rush more. Gushing, Henry Kirke (1827-1910) Henry Kirke Gushing, prominent family practitioner and medical teacher, grandson of Dr. David Gushing and son of Dr. Erastus Gushing, was born in Lanesboro, Massachu- setts, on July 29, 1827. His father came to Cleveland in 183S and practised there forty years, and Henry Kirke, after taking his A. B. from Union College in 1848, followed in his father's steps after graduating M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1851. He was successively professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children ; pro- fessor of gynecology, and emeritus professor of gynecology in the medical department of Western Reserve University ; a trustee of Western Reserve University, which in 1884 conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL. D. He served in the Civil War as surgeon- major in the Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry and was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He retired from active practice about twenty years before his death from paralysis, which occurred on February 12, 1910. In the medical societies, especially the smaller ones, which he seemed particularly
