GARNETT 428 GARRIGUES which he took one of the earliest daguerreo- types ever taken in this country (a landscape), and in the following year he was able to take likenesses with the same instrument. Finally it should be recorded that Dr. Garlick was the first person in this country to essay the artificial culture of fish, an experiment which he carried out successfully on the farm of Dr. Ackley, some two miles out of Cleve- land, as early as 1853. His experiments and results were reported in a paper read before the Cleveland Academy of Natural Sciences on February 7, 1854, and were published under the title "A Treatise on the Artificial Prop- agation of Fish, with Description and Habits of Such Kinds as are Suitable for Domestic Fish Culture" in 1857. A second edition was published by the Kirtland Society of the Natural Sciences in 1880. He was an early member of the Ohio State Medical Society. Henry E. Handerson. Cleave's Biographical Cyclopedia of the State of Ohio, Part I, Cuyahoga County, 1875. _ An autobiography in pencil is in possession of his daughter. No portraits of Dr. Garlick, other than crayon drawings or photographs, are known. Garnett, Alexander Yelrerton Peyton (1820- 1888) Alexander Y. P. Garnett, of Essex County, Virginia, prominent surgeon of the Confed- erate Army, came of a well-known Virginia family. He was born September 19, 1815, and was educated by private instructors on his father's plantation and graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1841, his thesis being "Extrauterine Gestation." Soon after he was commissioned assistant surgeon in the United States Navy, and after five years' service in different parts of the world returned to the United States in 1848 and married Mary E. Wise, the daughter of the well-known Virginia governor, retired from the navy and began to practise medicine in Washing- ton, District of Columbia. When the Civil War broke out Garnett chose the fortunes of his native state and entered the Confederate Army as surgeon. He was the physician and intimate friend of Jefferson Davis and Gen- eral Lee. At the close of the war he re- sumed practice in Washington where by his skill and urbanity he rose to be one of its first practitioners. Garnett was a classic writer on medical subjects and took active part in the medical life as well as in the pro- motion of all benevolent and charitable institu- tions of the capital. He died in the summer of 1888. Albert Allemann. Jour. Am. Med. Asso., Chicago, 1888, vol. xi. Minutes of Medical Society. D. C, July 13, 1888. J. B, Hamilton's "Remarks," Washington, 1888. Trans. Amer. Climat. Asso. (1890-1891), vol. vii. Twentieth Cent. Biog. Diet.. 1904. Garrigues, Henry Jacques (1831-1913) Henry Jacques Garrigues, who introduced antiseptic obstetrics into America, was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, June 6, 1831, and died at Tyron, North Carolina, on July 7, 1913, in the beginning of his eighty-third year. He was of French Huguenot extraction. His father, for some time Consul General from Denmark to Cuba, was named Jacques Gar- rigues, and his mother's maiden name was Cecile Luntzfelt, coming from a family promi- nent in the commercial world. Dr. Garrigues was graduated A. B., with honors, from the Metropolitan College of Copenhagen in 1850, and A. M. in 1863. He studied medicine both in Copenhagen and in Paris, with long interruptions due to ill health, and received his M. D. from the University of Copenhagen in 1869 when 38 years old. He married Louise Riemer, who bore him six children, three sons and three daughters, the eldest son. Dr. Leon F. Garrigues, follow- ing his father's profession. Dr. Henry Garrigues' first appointment in Nev,r York City was as gynecologist to the German Dispensary in 1879; next, in 1881, obstetric surgeon to the New York Ma- ternity Hospital. He was made attending physician to the New York Infant Asylum, gynecologist to the German Hospital in 1885, professor of obstetrics at the New York Post-graduate Medical School in 1886, gynecologist to St. Marks Hospital, and later, consulting surgeon to the New York Maternity Hospital, professor of gynecology in the School of Clinical Medicine. He became a fellow of the American Gynecological Society in 1877, was vice-president in 1897; in 1901 he was made an honorary fellow, and in 1902 an honorary fellow of the Obstetrical Society of Edinburgh. He was author of several books, of which the best known are "Diagnosis of Ovarian Cysts," 1882; "Practical Guide to Antiseptic Midwifery," 1886; "Text-book of Diseases of Women," 1894-97 and 1900; "Text-book of Obstetrics, " 1902-07; "Medical and Surgical Gynecology," 1905. He was a voluminous writer in the medical journals. Dr. Garrigues' greatest work and that which will cause his name to be long remeinbered, was the development and introduction of a rational antisepsis into obstetrical practice in the United States. "In the first nine months of 1883, of 345 deliveries at the New York Maternity Hos- pital, 30 women died and the serious morbidity was enormous. In September the conditions were at their worst. Ten of the women de-
