GILPIN 441 GIRDWOOD Gilpin, John Bernard (1810-1892) John Bernard Gilpin was born September 4, 1810, at Newport, Rhode Island, where his father, J. Bernard Gilpin, of Vidar's Hill, Hants, England, was for many years British Consul. His general education was received at Trinity College, Providence, Rhode Island, where he took his M. A., and he studied medi- cine at the University of Pennsylvania, gradu- ating thence M. D. in 1834. Immediately af- terwards he studied in London, and became M. R. C. S. (London). He first practised at Annapolis, N. S., re- moving to Halifax in 1846 and there continuing till 1886, when he returned to Annapolis, where he spent the remainder of his days, dying there March 12, 1892. He was a member of the Medical Society of Nova Scotia and one of the original found- ers of the Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science in 1863, of which he became a vice- president in 1864 and president from 1873 to 1878. He was also a member of many scientific and learned societies in the United States and Great Britain. While highly esteemed both as a medical man and as a citizen, he never acquired a very extensive practice but devoted much of his time and energy to the study of natural his- tory, in which he did much original and useful work. His paper on the "Common Herring" was the first one read before the Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science after its forma- tion, the first of a series on the food fishes of Nova Scotia, and the first of some thirty- four papers of his read before the institute, which, if collected, would form a very inter- esting and valuable work on the natural his- tory of the Province. Besides being a clear and graceful writer, he was skilful with pencil and brush in illustrating those subjects of his study, which can be so well served by those arts. He was constantly doing his utmost to assist and encourage the study of natural his- tory in the province, and was frequently con- sulted by Prof. Baird. of the Smithsonian Institution, as to the determination of new or doubtful species of fish and as to their migra- tions in these northern waters. In 1858 Dr. Gilpin published at Halifax a pamphlet of considerable scientific interest on "Sable Island, Its History and Natural His- tory." Donald A. Campbell. A portrait of Dr. Gilpin was published as a frontispiece to Part II of vol. x of the "Trans- actions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science." Transactions Nova Scotian Institute of Nat. Science. Girara, Charles (1822-1895) Born in Miilhausen, France, March 9, 1822, Charles Girard was educated in Neuchatel, Switzerland, where he became the pupil and assistant of Agassiz (q. v.), and accom- panied him to the United States in 1847, remaining with him until 1850, when Gir- ard removed to Washington, District of Columbia, and became attached to the Smith- sonian Institution. In 1852 he was natural- ized as an American citizen, and after taking his M. D. in 1856 at Georgetown Col- lege, District of Columbia, remained in the Smithsonian Institution until 1859, being for some time engaged with Prof. Baird in the investigation of reptiles. His publications were : "Mammalia" in the "Iconographic En- cyclopedia of Science, Literature and Art,' New York, 1851 ; "Monograph of the Cottoids," Washington, 1851 ; "Reptiles" (in collabora- tion with Prof. Spencer F. Baird) in Stans- burg's "Exploration and Survey of the Grei'.t Lake of Utah," 1853 ; "Bibliographia America-i Historico Naturalis," 1852; "Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum oi the Smithsonian Institution — Part I, Serpents" (in collaboration with Prof. Baird), 1853; "Researches upon Nemerteans and Phanarians I, Embryonic Development of Planocera Elliptica," Philadelphia, 1854; "Life in Its Physical Aspects," Washington, 1855; "Rep- tiles, Fishes and Crustacese" in Gilliss' United States Naval Astronomical Expedition to Chili," 1856; "Herpetology of the United States General Report upon Fishes in the United States Exploring Expedition under the command of Capt. Wilkes," 1858; Explora- tions and Surveys for Railroad Routes from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean," 1859 ; and the "Report upon Fishes" in "Em- ,ory's Survey of the United States and Mexi- can Boundary," 1859. He died in France the twenty-ninth of Janu- ary, 189S. Daniel Smith Lamb. Dict'n'y Amer. Biog., F. S. Drake, 1872. Bull. U. S. Natl. Museum, 1891, No. 41. Appleton's Cyclop. Amer, Biog., 1887. Girdwood, Gilbert Prout (1832-1917) Through the death of Dr. Gilbert Prout Girdwood, which occurred at Montreal on October 2, 1917, a notable and genial figure passed from the ranks of the profession i"-. Canada. Dr. Girdwood was in his eighty-fifth year, and, although blind for the last five years, retained his interest in medicine and chemistry ; so much so, indeed, that with the assistance of his wife and daughter he made an investigation into the effect of car-
