HODGE 535 HODGE Hodge, Hugh Lenox (1796-1873). The name of Hugh Lenox Hodge, the ob- stetrician, is associated with the mechanism of labor, with his obstetrical forceps, and with a pessary. Hugh Hodge was the son of Dr. Hugh and Maria Blanchard Hodge, and was born in Philadelphia, June 27, 1796. His father, after heroic eflforts to help, fell a victim in the yellow fever epidemic of 1797, and died in 1798, leaving his widow with one boy, Charles, besides Hugh. She used fine self- denial to educate them, and at fourteen Hugh entered Nassau Hall, Princeton, and studied medicine afterwards with Dr. Caspar Wistar, matriculating at the University of Pennsyl- vania, and taking his M. D. there in 1818. Very anxious to go to Europe, he tried to get the money by taking a surgeoncy on a ship going to India, but returned in two years, minus the monej', but richer in experience, through work in the cholera hospitals and the study of tropical diseases. For one year he was physician to the Southern Dispensary and to the Philadelphia Dispensary, then he took Dr. Horner's (q. v.) anatomical class while the latter was in Europe, and was later a lecturer on the principles of surgery at the Medical Institute. In 1828, being well estab- lished in practice, he married Margaret E., daughter of John Aspinwall, a New York mer- chant, and had seven sons. When Dr. Dewees,(q. v.) resigned the chair of obstetrics in the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Hodge was elected and was also physician to the lying-in department of the Pennsylvania Hospital. He was led to change from surgery to obstetrics by failing eyesight. Year by year his private practice increased and he be- gan to relinquish obstetrics and devote himself almost exclusively to treating the diseases of women, and, following up Dewees' work, in inventing and using pessaries for uterine dis- placement, devoted himself for years to the discovery of the proper materials and shapes, having hundreds made of various kinds. The case which first attracted his attention to the value of mechanical support was that of a woman, who in 1830 came to the hospital ward with a diagnosis of hepatic disease. The usual treatment, including a course of mer- cury, left her worse. The resident physician on making an examination, found decided retroversion of the uterus. Hodge intro- duced one of the then new Dewees pes- saries and to his astonishment the liver com- plaint was cured and the woman speedily re- stored to health. Sitting one evening in the university "his eyes rested on the upright steel support designed to hold the shovel and tongs which were kept in position by a steel hook and as he studied its supporting curve, the longed-for illumination came and the lever pessary was the result." Afterwards he per- fected his discovery by giving the instrument its double curve and making it closed. He also modified the obstetric forceps and Bau- delocque's cephalotribe and his cranitomy scis- sors. Some thirty years' experience of hospi- tal and private practice made his book on "Diseases Peculiar to Women" (1860) par- ticularly valuable. On the resignation of his professorship, he devoted himself to his great work, "Principles and Practice of Obstetrics" (ISM), which he dedicated to the memory of James (q. v.) and Dewees, and fulfilled its promise of being "in opposition to the most admired authors." From its philosophical character, as well as its original teachings and illustrations it ranked among the first of its kind, both in America and abroad. He was led to resign his professorship on account of failing eyesight, a weakness in the optic nerve, which could not be relieved by surgical skill. At last he was unable to read and write, but his will was indomitable. For his great obstetrical work he had to rely on an amanuensis, and such help as his medical confreres gladly rendered. Sixty-seven years old, he did all the professional work which could be done without eyes. The poor and the students could still count upon finding him in a serene mind, tender and sympathetic and with loyal, unswerv- ing trust in God. He generously, at this time, presented the college with his valuable museum, together with his collection of ma- terial used in making the one hundred and fifty- nine illustrations in his book. It is kept sep- arate and under the curatorship of the pro- fessor of obstetrics. The day before his last illness he seemed in his usual health, and was working till late afternoon with professional engagements and preparing an article on "Cephalotripsy. He went to bed perfectly well, but near midnight was seized with heart failure, and died twenty- six hours later, on Feliruary 26, 1873. He was a fellow of the College of Physi- cians, Philadelphia ; professor of obstetrics. University of Pennsylvania, 1835-1863; emeri- tus professor in 1863; LL. D. University of Pennsylvania, 1871. Hist, of the Penn. Hosp. Morton and Woodbury, 1895. Standard Hist, of the Med. Profess., in Philadel- phia, F. P. Henrv, 1S97. Biogr. Memoir by W. Goodell, M. D., Phila- delphia, 1874.
