HOOPER 552 HOOPER educated in Europe and matriculated at Har- vard Medical School in 1876. Afterwards he spent several years in European clinics and in Vienna, specially at that of Schroetter, mak- ing laryngological studies. On returning to Boston he was immediately appointed assistant in throat diseases at the Massachusetts Gen- eral Hospital and afterwards aurist at the Boston Dispensary, becoming eventually pro- fessor of laryngology at the Dartmouth Medi- cal College and instructor of the same at the Harvard School. In addition to his recognized ability as diag- nostician he owed much to his bold use of anesthesia in the removal of adenoids. His famous experiments upon the innervation of the larynx, with special reference to the func- tions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, made his work of special value. ("Effects of Varying Rates of Stimulation on the Action of the Re- current Laryngeal Nerves," 1888.) The disease from which he himself suffered began on his tongue in 1884, and in 1891 there appeared small epithelial growths. A portion of the tongue was removed but in 1892 the glands of the neck became affected and he died after much suffering, cheerfully borne, on No- vember 22, 1892. Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1892, vol. cxxvii. Bibliography. Hooper, Philo Oliver (1833-1902). Philo Oliver Hooper, pioneer alienist, was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, October 11, 1833, and received a literary education in his native city and in Nashville, Tennessee. He entered the Jefferson Medical College of Phila- delphia and graduated in 1856. At the opening of the Civil War five years later, he joined the Confederate Army as medical director of General Albert Pike's command, and when the war ended he returned to Little Rock and re- sumed the practice of medicine. He became president of the Arkansas State Medical So- ciety and president of the faculty of the Med- ical Department of Arkansas Industrial Uni- versity and its dean from its organization until 1886, when he resigned to become emeritus professor of the practice of medicine. Hooper devoted much attention to mental and nervous diseases, and largely through his efforts the Arkansas State Hospital for mental and nervous diseases was established: he was president of the first board of hospital trustees, pending the erection and equipment of the hos- pital and was later superintendent for ten years. In 1893 he resigned and spent a year in California. In 1897 the superintendency of the asylum was vacant and he was called upon to fill the position once more. He was a mem- ber of the American Medico-Psychological As- sociation, the American Medico-Legal Society and the Mississippi Valley Medical Association. In 1882 he was first vice-president of the American Medical Association, when the meet- ing was held at St. Paul, and he was a mem- ber of its board of trustees and president for many years. He married Georgia Carol of Alabama in Arkansas in 1859. Three sons and two daugh- ters were born, four of whom survived him. He died July 29, 1902, near Sayre, Oklahoma, while en route to California. Hooper, William Davis (1843-1893). Hooper was horn on August 28, 1843, at "Beaver Dam," Hanover County, Virginia — now historic ground, the locality having been the scene of one of the most desperately hard fought battles of the "seven days fights around Richmond," that of Mechanicsville or Ellison's Mills. His father dying when he was only seven years of age, his mother removed to Richmond, where he was educated in the schools of that city. He then found employment in the drug- store of Mr. Hugh Blair, of Richmond, where he acquired an excellent knowledge of chemis- try and pharmacy. On the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the army (Confederate) as a hospital steward and was assigned to duty in the dispensary at Camp Lee, afterwards Howard Grove Hospital, a position for which his experience particularly well fitted him. While thus serving he began to study medi- cine as a government student in the Medical College of Virginia, at Richmond, and, gradu- ing with the highest honors, received the prize offered for the best original essay, in the spring of 1865. At the close of the war, within a few weeks after his graduation in medicine, he settled in Liberty, now called Bedford City, in Bedford County, Virginia. He possessed a thorough knowledge of medicine and sur- gery, and was quick, almost unerring, in diagnosis, making him a high authority, and calling into requisition his services as a con- sultant in distant parts of the state. In 1873 he went abroad and traveled in Europe, visit- ing many of the largest hospitals in England and on the Continent, adding much to his store of professional knowledge. In June, 1875, he repeated his visit to Europe. He married in June, 1875, Miss Kelso, of
