JOYNES 644 JUDD Joynes, Levin (1819-1881) He was born in Accomac County, Virginia, on May 13, 1819, and at the age of sixteen years graduated A. B. from Washington and Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1835. Af- ter spending two years at the University of Virginia, he began the study of medicine, first attending lectures at the University of Penn- sylvania, and afterwards at the University of Virginia, from which he graduated M. D. in 1839. Joynes was president of the American Medi- cal Association in 1858 and of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1878-9. After graduating he went to Europe and spent two and a half years attending lectures, chiefly in Dublin and Paris. Returning to his native country in 1843, he settled there, and the following year removed to Baltimore, from which city he was called to Philadelphia, in 1846, to assume the professorship of physi- ology and legal medicine in the Franklin Med- ical College. In 1849 he returned to his own county, and took up practice again. This he continued to do until he was elected professor of the institutes of medicine and of medical jurisprudence in the Medical College of Vir- ginia in 1855. He was elected, in 1856, dean of the faculty, and held these two positions until the end of the session of 1870-1, when, on account of failing health, he resigned. When the Civil War became imminent, he gave his allegiance to his native state, but al- ways a conservative, and, having accepted the position of assistant surgeon in the forces of Virginia, he resigned when the Medical De- partment of the Confederacy was thoroughly organized. He was an instructive and accomplished teacher; a perfect encyclopedia of knowledge. His authority on all medical subjects was rare- ly questioned, and never, to the writer's knowl- edge, was he worsted in debate. He was twice married: in December, 1854, to Rosa F. Bayly, of Richmond, who died in 1855, and in June, 1858, to Susan V. Archer, also of that city, who, with one son, survived her husband. He died at his home on January 18, 1881, of malignant disease of the antrum and sur- rounding parts. His writings extended through his whole professional career. The following are some of them : "Obstetrical Auscultation" [American Jour- nal of Medical Sciences. Januar>-, 1845) ; "An- cient Superstition" {The Stethoscope, Octo- ber, 1851) ; "The Legal Relations of the Fetus in Utero" (Virginia Medical Journal, Sep- tembe.-, 1856) ; "Hemorrhagic Malarial Fev- er," (Richiiwiid and Louisville Medical Jour- nal, March, 1877) ; "Medical History" (Vir- ginia Medical Monthly, vol. i) ; "Infantile Pa- ralysis" (Ibid., vol. iv). These and many others were his contributions, all of which showed the marks of thorough preparation in the study of the subject and exactness of the manuscript. Robert M. Slaughteu. Medical Reminiscences of Richmond, Dr. J. N. Upshnr. Trans. Med. Soc. of Va., 1881. vol. iii, 410-41(. Judd, Gerril Parmele (1803-1873) A medical missionary, Dr. Judd, was born in Paris, Oneida County, New York, April 23, 1803, a seventh descendant of Thomas Judd, of Kent, England, who came to America in 1634 and was one of the founders of Farming- ton, Connecticut. He attended lectures at Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York, from 1820-1825, and also studied with his father. Dr. Elnathan Judd. He was a member of the Medical Society of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District, New York. In 1827, with fourteen associates, he sailed from Boston in the brig Parthian. This was the second reinforcement of missionaries of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to the Sandwich Islands. This 18,000 mile voyage lasted for 145 days. They arrived at Honolulu March 31, 1828. Judd entered the service of the Hawaian Gov- ernment May 10, 1842. The motive which in- duced him to take this step was a desire to be more useful to the nation for whose wel- fare he had left his native land; the fact that a Mr. Richards was about to visit Europe, and the impossibility of their procuring any other secular man with a knowledge of the native language to aid them, made it an abso- lute necessity that some one should aid the king and chiefs in conducting their affairs with foreigners. He wrote : "My business was to organize the finances in conjunction with Ha- alilio" and John li. Haalilio went with Mr. Richards about the fifteenth of July and Paulc Kanoa took his place in the treasury board. We had to learn book-keeping in the native language and pay off innumerable debts." "February 25, 1843. The islands were ceded to Great Britain for the time being and until the decision of the British Government could be made known in relation to the demands of Lord George Paulet. On the following Tuesday, February 28, by the request of
