LANGLEY 679 LANGMAID mala, in recuperation, and in the middle sev- enties gave two years of his life to study in Europe where he received the M. R. C. S. (Eng.) degree and the M. D. of Berlin. In the early seventies he married Mrs. Paul- ine Cook but had no children. A fine portrait by Toby Rosenthal and a marble bust are in the possession of the college. Dr. Lane did not seek public position, but was once a member of the City and State Board of Health and president of the State Medical Society. Among his articles are found : "Ligations for the Cure of Aneurysm," 1884; "Rudolph Virchow," 1893; "Surgery of the Head and Neck," 1898. Henry Gibbons, Jr. Amer. Med., Phila., 1902, vol. iii. Brit. Med. Jour., 1902, vol. i Lancet, London, 1902, vol. i. Pacific Med. Jour., San Fran., 1902, vol. xlv. Langley, John Williams (1841-1918) John Williams Langley, a scientist of inter- national repute, brother of Professor Samuel P. Langley, astronomer and pioneer aeronaut- ist, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, Octo- ber 21, 1841. His father was Samuel Langley, a wholesale merchant of Boston; his mother Mary Sumner Williams of Marblehead, Mass. His preparatory training was at the Chauncy Hall School, Boston, and the Milton high school ; entering the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard he received the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1861 at the age of nine- teen. The following year he was a student in medicine and assistant instructor in chemistry at the University of Michigan, leaving to be enrolled as examining surgeon in the navy, September 3, 1862. In 1877 the University of Michigan conferred the honorary M. D. on her former pupil. After acting as surgeon on the United States Gunboat Pampero for a year and a half Dr. Langley was discharged from the service September 1, 1864. For the next three years his time was occupied in assisting his brother in building several refractors and a reflector for scientific purposes at the fam- ily home in Newton, Massachusetts ; then the two brothers traveled in Europe, visiting scien- tific institutions, observatories and art galleries. From 1868 to 1870 Dr. Langley was professor of mathematics at the United States Naval Academy; from 1870 to 1875 professor of chemistry in the Western University of Penn- sylvania. Then followed a professorship in chemistry and physics in the University of Michigan until 1888 when he became non-resi- dent lecturer on the metallurgj' of steel in the same university and chemist and metallurgist with the Crescent Steel Works, Pittsburgh, a position he held until 1892. In the last year he accepted the chair of electrical engineering in the Case School of Applied Science, Cleve- land, remaining until he was made professor emeritus in 1906. In 1902 the University of Michigan con- ferred the degree of Doctor of Philosophy on Professor Langley, who besides his teaching positions was consulting chemist and metal- lurgist for several steel firms, and traveled abroad to investigate and report on the mak- ing of steel. In 1888 and 1889 he organized the "International Committee for Standards of Analysis of Iron and Steel," securing the co- operation of prominent metallurgists in Swe- den, Germany, France, and in England the British Association for the Advancement of Science, besides the American Society of Civil Engineers of New York. On questions involving chemical, metallurgi- cal or electrical knowledge he was often em- ployed as an expert in patent cases and often appeared in court in the settlement of suits. Dr. Langley's contributions to literature were numerous, but do not find a place in a work of this character. During the later years of his retirement, by way of diversion, he mounted the eight inch reflector that he and his brotTier had made years before. He wrote several fairy stories for children and usually gave a children's par- ty twice a year. He married Martica I. Carrel at Charles- town, Massachusetts, September 18, 1877, they had four children, youngest being Samuel P. Dr. Langley died of valvular heart disease with arteriosclerosis at his residence in Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 10, 1918. Information from Samuel P. Langley through Dr. Victor C. Vaughan. Langmaid, Samuel Wood (1837-1915) Samuel Langmaid was born in Boston, Massa- chusetts, June 26, 1837, and died in Brookline, a suburb of Boston, Feb. 3, 1915. He was the son of Samuel H. and Dorcas Sawyer Lang- maid, his father being of Welsh extraction and his mother of English. He was educated in the Boston Public Schools and the Roxbury Latin School, preparing at the latter for Har- vard College, from which he graduated in 1859. He then taught school for a short time at the Henderson Institute in Danville, Ky., but deciding to study medicine, entered Har- vard Medical School, from which he gradu- ated and completed his course at the Massa- chusetts General Hospital as surgical house- ofiicer in 1864. He then entered the U. S.
