LINCOLN 704 LINDE age of seventy-five. At one time he was sec- retary of the department of health of the American Social Science Association. He was a Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Soci- ety from 1865 until 1883, when he resigned. Dr. Lincoln was never married. He was the author of: "Electro-Therapeutics," 1874; "School and Industrial Hygiene," 1880, 1896; "Hygienic Physiology," 1893; "Sanity of Mind," 1900. Besides these books he wrote articles for the reports of the state boards of health of Massachusetts, New York and Con- necticut ; the journal of the Social Science Association ; and contributions to Buch's "Hy- giene" and Keating's "Cyclopedia of Diseases of Children." Who's Who in New Eng., Chicago, 1909, 592. Boston Med. & Surg. Jour., 1916, vol. clxxv, 621. Phys. & Surgs. of the U. S., W. B. Atkinson, Phila.. 1878. Lincoln, Rufus Pratt (1841-1900) Rufus Pratt Lincoln, of New York, soldier and laryngologist, was born in Belchertown, Massachusetts, April 27, 1841, and died in New York City, November 27, 1900. The son of Rufus S. and Lydia Baggs Lin- coln, he was descended from Thomas Lincoln who came from England in 1635 and settled in Hingham, Massachusetts. Dr. Lincoln was educated at Williston Seminary in Easthamp- ton, Massachusetts, at Phillips Exeter Acad- emy and at Amherst College, where he gradu- ated in 1862. He enlisted at once as second lieutenant in the thirty-seventh volunteers, ris- ing to the rank of captain within two months. He saw service throughout the war, was made major and lieutenant-colonel in 1864, was slightly wounded at the battle of the Wilder- ness and severely at "The Angle." After being mustered out of the service at the close of the war, Lincoln studied medi- cine for a year at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, going from there to the Harvard Medical School, where he re- ceived the degree of M. D. in 1868. Beginning general practice in New York City, he was at first associated with Willard Parker (q. v.), but soon took up the special sctudy of laryn- gology to which he afterwards devoted him- self. He was possessed of great manual dex- terity and worked with despatch and decision, which may have been factors in determining his choice of a specialty. He was one of the first in this country to make use of the elec- tric cautery for operating on the throat, es- pecially for fibrous and sarcomatous tumors of the naso-pharynx. He described his cases and his methods of operating in a number of articles in different medical journals, re- porting the later progress of his cases in other articles, so that he became the recognized au- thority in this class of disease and operation. Although never connected with any clinic or medical institution for teaching, he soon be- came known as a successful practitioner for diseases of the nose and throat, with the re- sult that his office was filled with a large and fashionable clientele. His work was recognized by the medical profession also, and when the New York Laryngological Society (the first special society of its kind in the world) was made the Sec- tion of Laryngology of the New York Acad- emy of Medicine, he was chosen its first chair- man. He was a founder and an active member of the American Laryngological Association and its president in 1888. . His prominence led him to be called in consultation in the case of Emperor Frederick, who was suffering from cancer of the throat. The Index Volumes of the Transactions of the American Laryngological Association con- tain the titles of most of his medical writings, among which may be mentioned: "Laryngeal Phthisis," 1875; "Selected Cases of Disease in the Nasal and Post-Nasal Regions, treated with the Galvano-Cautery," 1876; "The Surgi- cal Use of Electricity in the Upper Air Pas- sages," 1886. Besides his membership in the societies re- ferred to above, he was a member of the American Climatological Association, the New York Pathological Society and of the usual state and county medical societies as well as of several social clubs. In 1869 he married Caroline Carpenter, daughter of Wellington H. Tyler of New York City, by whom he had three children. A very promising son, Rufus Tyler Lincoln, died at the age of sixteen, and in his memory his mother gave to Amherst College the sum of $100,000 to found a professorship in science. John W. Farlow. Cyclop of Amer. Biog. Press Asso., N. Y., 1918, 125-126. Linde, Christian (1817-1887) Christian Linde was descended from the noble Danish family of De Linde-Freiden- reich, and was born on their estate near Copen- hagen, February 19, 1817. He was educated at the Royal University from which he grad- uated in 1837, but on account of political trou- bles while attending the hospitals of the Dan- ish capital, he came to America in 1842 and settled near Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Here he in- tended to found a landed estate and devote a portion of his time to hunting, of which he was passionately fond. This pursuit led him much
