MACLEANE 750 MC LOUGHLIN cial list of the University of Edinburgh gives the name Lachlan Macleane, and the date of his graduation as 1755, with a thesis entitled "De Erysipelate." Macleane declares that "before the Prac- tice of Inoculation was introduced Small-Pox was certainly the surest and largest Penny in the Doctor's Purse." "And now every Country Apothecary, nay even Nurses confi- dently esteem themselves very equal to the task, and taking persons of all ages affected with small-pox, naturally two in eleven die, while if inoculated, one in sixty dies." In 1761, while surgeon in Otway's regi- ment, quartered at Philadelphia, a quarrel took place with the Governor, against whom Mac- leane, who was a man of superior talents, wrote a paper distinguished for ability and severity, which drew general attention. . . . Under the patronage of Colonel Barre, he returned to England, renewed his acquaint- ance with Burke, and procured an office under government. Soon afterwards he became suc- cessively private secretary to Lord Shelburne, and under-secretary for the Southern Depart- ment, retiring from office with his patron on the dissolution of the ministry drawn together by the Duke of Grafton. In May, 1771, Lord North gave him the situation of superintendent of lazarettos. In January following, he re- ceived the coUectorship of Philadelphia; this was soon exchanged for an appointment in India. ... he became a kind of agent to Mr. Hastings. In that capacity he brought home the Governor General's conditional resig- nation of office, yet the latter . . . took a speedy opportunity of disavowing both his agent and his act. ... In proceeding again to India, intending, it is said, to take strong measures for an explanation of behavior that seemed to throw censure upon his honesty or honor, the ship, in which he embarked, foundered, and all on board perished. Graydon says in his memoirs : "Among the persons who were acquainted and visited at my grandfather's were Doctor Laughlin M'Lean and his lady. . . . The doctor was considered to have great skill in his profes- sion, as well as to be a man of wit and gen- eral information, but I have never known a person who had a more distressing impedi- ment in his speech. Yet notwithstanding this misfortune he, some years after, on his return to Europe, had the address to recommend him- self to a seat in the British House of Com- mons. "He is understood to be the same Lauchlan Macleane who, at Edinburgh, evinced a gen- erous benevolence in administering to the relief of the celebrated Oliver Goldsmith, as related in the life of that poet." Howard A. Kelly. Information from Dr. Ewing Jordan. Standard History of the Medical Profession of Philadelphia. F. P. Henry, 1897. Memoirs of His Own Time, A. Graydon. Ed. by J. S. Littell, Phila.. 1846. Early History of Medicine in Philadelphia, George W. Norris, 1886. Life of Oliver Goldsmith, James Prior, London, 1837. 2 vols. MacLeod, James (1845-1900) James MacLeod, foremost in securing the passage of the medical law for the province, editor of the Maritime Medical News, and president of the Maritime Medical Associa- tion, was born at Uig, Scotland, June 13, 1845, the third son of the Rev. Samuel Mac- Leod. He graduated M. D. from the McGill Medical College, Montreal, and at the time of his death was well known as a prominent surgeon in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, and for his work in connection with the two hospitals there. He married Margaret Alma Gates, and died in 1900. McLoughlin, John (1784-1857) John McLoughlin, known to Americans as the "Father of Oregon" and to the Indians as the "Great White Chief," was born October 19, 1784, in La Riviere du Loup, Canada, son of John McLoughlin, an Irishman, and Angelique Eraser, a Scotch-Canadian, both Roman Catholics. There were seven chil- dren, John coming second. He was educated in Canada and Scotland and on his return to Canada joined the Northwest Company, in 1821 being put in charge of Fort William. There he married the widow of a fur trader, Alexander Mackay, and had four children, Eliza, John, Eloisa and David. He came overland to Fort George (Astoria) in 1824, then founded and remained in Fort Vancouver twenty-two years. The Indian population of Oregon numbered some 100,000; the state was half as large again as Germany and he had no one on whom to depend save the few subordinates of the company with him, yet, through his strong justice, no vvars occurred during his rule and he firmly stopped the sale of liquor to Indians by excluding the sale of it even to the whites. When the American immigration set in (1843-5) McLoughlin, though sternly observant of his loyalty to the Hudson Bay Company, aided in the usual immigrational distress with food, farming supplies and medical help, often doing all this at his own expense. He founded Oregon City and opened up the country; he averted a war between the United States and
