MARKOE 762 MARKS He served as surgeon of the First Regi- ment, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, and introduced into the Massachusetts Militia the system of "First Aid to the Injured," physical training and athletics. He was medical director of the First Brigade. Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, and surgeon-general of Massachusetts on the staff of Gov. John L. Bates, with the rank of brigadier-general. He died of pneumonia, November 27, 1906, leaving a widow, a daughter and two sons. Obit, in the current daily press and medical journals. Professional and Industrial History of Suffolk County, MSS. E. J. Forster, 1892. Markoe, Thomas Masters (1819-1901) Thomas Masters Markoe, physician and pathologist, was descended from a refugee Huguenot family who had emigrated to the West Indies. His direct ancestor, Peter Markoe, settled in the Island of Santa Cruz, and the doctor's father, Francis Markoe, was sent to be educated to the United States and settled in New York, marrying Sarah Cald- well, of Philadelphia, where their son was born, September 13, 1819. He graduated from Princeton in 1836 and from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1841, becoming an assistant in the New York Hospital while still a student. In "1842 he became assistant curator in the pathological museum and lecturer on patho- logical anatomy, while from 1852-92 he was surgeon to the New York Hospital. He was elected adjunct professor of surgery in the college of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in 1860, holding the full chair after 1870, but in 1879, on its division, he became professor of the principles of surgery. Throughout the war he served as surgeon in the Union Army and afterwards returned to his practice. His genial personality was much appreci- ated by the students, and his lectures were interesting even apart from their practical bearing. His telling descriptions of the proc- esses of repair and his "healthy laudable pus" stood out clear and strong in their minds. His writings were not many, but his work on "Diseases of the Bones" (1872) was an authority for many years. Apart from his busy professional life much of his time was given to other interests. He was trustee of the Astor Library in 1863 and up to 1895 its president, and took, more- over, a lively interest in the museums of Natural History and Art. In 1850 he married Charlotte Atwell How and had five children ; Charlotte How, Thomas Caldwell, Francis Hartman, James Wright and Sallie Caldwell. Francis and James became physicians in New York. Med. News, New York, 1901, vol. Lxxix. Post-Graduate, 1900, vol. xv. Marks, Solon (1827-1914) Dr. Solon Marks, the nestor of the Mil- waukee medical profession, was born in Stockbridge, Vermont, July 14, 1827, and died September 29, 1914, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He came to Wisconsin in 1848. In 1853 he graduated at Rush Medical College of Chi- cago, practised his profession at Jefiferson, Wisconsin, until 1856, and then removed to Stevens Point, where he remained until the outbreak of the war. On September 27, 1861, he was commissioned surgeon of the Tenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, served throughout the war, was wounded and cap- tured, received merited promotion, and was discharged in November, 1864, being at this time chief surgeon of the First Division, Four- teenth Army Corps. Upon his return from military service he settled in Milwaukee, where he gained a wide reputation as a surgeon, many of his operations having received national notice. In particular may be men- tioned an operation for the removal of a bullet from the region of the heart, performed in 1870, the patient having carried the ball since 1864. This is probably the first opera- tion ever reported for suture of a heart wound. (See Medical Fortnightly, 1893, vol. vi.) In 1866 he was chief surgeon of St. Mary's Hospital. In 1873 he went to Europe and visited the hospitals of England, France and Ireland. He was a member of the State Board of Health since its organization and served as its president during the greater part of its existence. He was professor of military surgery, fractures and dislocations, in the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons, and was the donor of the labora- tory equipment of that institution. From 1870 to 1901 he was chief surgeon of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Co. and was a prominent member of the National Association of Railway Surgeons. Dr. Marks's contributions to medical litera- ture have been as follows : Mechanical Treatment of Diseases of Hip Joint, 1868; Aneurysms, Treatment and Report of Case, 1868; Observations on European Methods, 1874; the Animal Ligature as a Hemostatic .'^gent, 1875 ; Sewerage and Drain- age, 1876; Hydrophobia, 1877; Trephining the Sternum for Removal of Foreign Body from Anterior Mediastinum, Report of Case, 1883;
