PACKARD 873 PACKARD Pathological Society. At the time of his death he was chairman of the Section on General Medicine of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. From the long list of communications it is difficult to determine the most important. Those most extensively quoted are his papers on Infection through the Tonsils — ^the first a "Report of Five Cases of Endocarditis Oc- curring in the Course of Tonsilitis," read be- fore the Association of American Physicians, May, 1899; the second the Wesley M. Car- penter Lecture on "Infection Through the Ton- sils; Especially in Connection with Acute Articular Rheumatism," read before the New York Academy of Medicine, December, 1899. His contributions to the subject of Thermic Fever, based on the study of a large series of cases occurring in the Pennsylvania Hospital, were: "Report of Thirty-one Cases of Heat Fever Treated at the Pennsylvania Hospital During the Summer of 1887" (Aiiicr. Jour. Med. ScL, 1888, N. S., xcv, 554-67) ; "Report of Ninety Cases of Thermic Fever Treated at the Pennsylvania Hospital in the Summer of 1901" (with Dr. Morris J. Lewis), read at the meeting of the Association of American Physi- cians, May, 1902 (Amer. Jour. Med. Sci., Sep- tember, 1902) ; and a paper on "Osteitis De- formans," read before the Association of American Physicians in May, 1901 (Amcr. Jour. Med. Sci., November, 1901). Dr. Packard married Katherine Shippen, a daughter of Dr. Edward S. Shippen, LI. S. N. They had no children. He died of typhoid fever at the Pennsyl- vania Hospital November 1, 1902. Francis R. Packard. Packard, John Hooker (1832-1907) John Flooker Packard was born August IS, 1832, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a son of Frederick A. and Elizabeth Dwight Hooker. He graduated from the department of arts, University of Pennsylvania in 1850, and in the same university, from the department of medicine in 1853. He had for preceptor in medicine Joseph Leidy (q.v.), the eminent anatomist, to whose teaching he undoubtedly owed his fondness for and skill in anatomical pursuits. After graduation he w-ent abroad and continued his medical studies in Paris. In 1855 he was resident physician to the Pennsylvania Hospital for eighteen months. He then began private practice and for many years was very active as a teacher, especially in anatomy, surgery and obstetrics. As time went on, however, he limited his work almost entirely to the practice of surgery. During the Civil War he was appointed acting assist- ant surgeon. United States Army, serving as attending surgeon to the Christian Street and the Satterlee United States Army General Hospitals in Philadelphia, and as consultant to the Haddington Hospital, and to the hos- pital at Beverley, New Jersey. During the progress of the battle of Gettysburg, he re- ceived orders to report at the scene of action, and although quite ill at the time, from what subsequently developed into a very severe case of typhoid, he obeyed at once. For three days and nights he labored incessantly and then being unable to continue at work, was sent back to Philadelphia suffering from a nearly fatal attack of the fever. From 1863 to 1884 he was one of the visiting physicians to the Episcopal Hospital of Phila- delphia, in 1884 visiting surgeon to the Penn- sylvania Hospital, a position he held until his retirement from active work in 1896. He was also surgeon to St. Joseph's Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Packard was a member of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and vice-presi- dent from 1885-1888. He was the first Mutter lecturer in that institution from 1864-1866, his lectures being on "Inflammation." He was one of the founders of the Pathological and Obstetrical Societies of Philadelphia, and twice president of each. He was also one of the original members of the American Surgical Association. Among his noticeable operations were two successful hip-joint amputations and a suc- cessful ligation of the internal iliac artery. In 1872 he published the first notice of the primary anesthesia from ether, and in 18S0, an article in the New York Medical Record of May 22, on the value of an oblique incision in the skin in lessening the disfigurement of scars, that is still frequently referred to. In 1886, in a paper read before the Medico- Legal Society of New York, he suggested the use of a lethal chamber for the infliction of the death penalty, death to be caused by the abstraction of oxygen from the atmosphere and the introduction of carbonic acid gas. Dr. Packard was a profoundly religious man, an Episcopalian. Although he rarely talked upon religious subjects, his belief was a vital part of his existence and colored all the im- portant actions of his life. He had very con- siderable artistic ability and much of his work was illustrated with his own pencil. In 1896 he infected himself in the course of an opera- tion. Following the severe illness which en-
