RAUCH 958 RAVENEL Cemetery at Burlington and in securing the ground for educational purposes. He was one of the founders of the Chicago College of Pharmacy, where he became professor of materia medica and medical botany (1859). Dr. Rauch was in the medical department of the United States army under General David Hunter and took part in the battle of Bull Run : made brigade surgeon and assigned to McDowell's division stationed at Arlington, he went later with General Augur, taking part in the capture of Falmouth and Fredericksburg, and was with him in the trans- fer to Banks' Corps and was medical director at Cedar Mountain and Culpeper Court house; his position being medical director of the .Army of the Potomac. In General Pope's campaign he saved during the retreat not only many of the wounded but the army's medical stores. At the battle of Antietam he had charge of the sick and wounded of both forces and of paroling disabled soldiers. With General Banks on the New Orleans expedi- tion, he was at Baton Rouge as special medi- cal inspector of the department of the Gulf; was at the capture of Port Hudson, and was with Genera! Franklin on the Sabine Pass ex- pedition, going on up the Teche. Relieved from active service in 1864, he was appointed medical director at Detroit, then transferred to I^Iadison General Hospital and mustered out in 1865. He returned to Chicago ; published "Intra- mural Interments and Their Influence on Health and Epidemics," giving his views on burial in cities, as already stated at the Histori- cal Society of Chicago in 1858. He was one of the organizers of the Chicago Board of Health, to which he was appointed by the judge of the Superior Court, serving until 1873 and pre- senting reports on "Drainage" (1868) ; the "Chicago River and the Public Parks" (1869) ; "Sanitary History of Chicago" (1870), and the official reports of the Board of Health from 1867 to 1870, eight volumes. Interested in improving sanitary conditions of the Venezuelan gold miners, he visited South America in 1870 and while there made a valuable collection of natural objects for the Chicago Academy of Natural Sciences ; his "South American Notes," together with his herbarium, his "Synopsis of the Flora of the North West" and "Report for the Board of Health," was destroyed by the great fire of 1871. He was treasurer of the American Public Health Association organized in 1872, and its president in 1876, and was associated with the Relief and Aid Society of Chicago ; he wrote a paper on "Slaughtering" and gave, on request, an opinion on the Schuylkill Door- yard Abattoir; and he also published a re- port on the "Texas Cattle Disease" (1868). He was appointed a member of the Sanitary Committee for the Interior Department of the United States for the Centennial Exposition (1876). Dr. J. F. Percy calls Rauch a "pioneer in the fight against quackery," Journal of Ameri- can Medical Association, 1908, vol. li, 2074. Rauch never married. When his health failed he wxnt to live in his old home at Lebanon, Pennsylvania, and died there, March 24, 1894. Disting. Phvs. and Surgs. of Chicago. F. M. Sperry. Chicago. 1904, pp. 117-120. Bull, of the Soc. of Nat. Hist, of Chicago, 1912, vol. ii. pp. 89-108. Arthur R. Reynolds, M. D. Portrait. Ravenel, Edmund (1797-1870). Edmund Ravenel, physician, chemist and conchologist, was born at Charleston, South Carolina, December 8, 1797, of Huguenot line- age, being descended from Rene Ravenel, Sieur de la Massais, the emigrant. His early education was in the schools of his native city ; and in 1819 he received his M. D. at the University of Pennsylvania. He began to practise in Charleston, and in 1824 took an active part in the organization of the Medical College of South Carolina. He was elected to the chair of chemistry in the new college, a position he held for ten years, afterwards removing to his country home, where he devoted himself to planting until the close of the war. when he returned to Charleston. During the summer months he lived on Sullivan's Island, where he occupied the leisure hours stolen from his practice with gathering his large and valuable collection of shells. This collection contained 3,SCK) spe- cies of land, fresh water and marine shells from all parts of the world. What remains of this collection is now preserved in the Charleston Museum. The catalogue of Dr. Ravenel's collection made in 1834 was inter- esting as being the first of its kind published in America. He was a contemporary and correspondent of Say, Lea, Conrad, Gould and other pioneers of conchology in this coun- try. In his later years he lived in his home at Charleston, a victim of almost total blindness, where he died, July 27, 1870. He was married twice: First to Charlotte Ford, and afterwards to Louisa C. Ford. By his first wife he had one daughter; and by
