54 AN AUSTRALIANS' LANGL'AGE,
Imperatives are: —
Come here — koAva-kowa, yual Leave it alone — bal or waiija
Go on — gatti Listen — nah-nah
Get np — irap Take care — garrodjin
Go away — watto Stay, remain — nannup
Tenses.
\. Indie, present. — For this, use either the infinitive or the form of the present participle; as, gadjo djinnag, 'I see'; but ganya buraawin, *I am beating.'
2. Ijidic. preterite. — Use the past participle, or add -ga to the in- finitive; the relative distance of the past periods of time is indicated by prefixing to the tense the words gori, 'just now,' karamb, ' a short time since,' gorah, ' a long time ago.'
3. Indie, future. — Here the first and second personal pronouns singular become gadjul and n'yundul, ' I will,' ' you wulL' The distance of the future time is indicated by placing before the verb the adverbs bur da, 'presently,' and mila for any more remote time.
4. Imperative mood. — Lay emphasis on the last vowel of the present indicative.
5. Participle jn-esent. — Add -in or -win to the infinitive.
,, past, — Add -ga to the infinitive.
6. Passive voice. — Here the form of the sentence is elliptical; therefore ganya, ginni are used with the past participle and the ablative of the instrument or cause.
DECLENSION of a TRANSITIVE VERB.
��Buma, * to beat,' ' kill,' * blow as a flower.'
��Infinite — Buma. Part. pres. — Bumawin.
Part. past. — Bumaga.
Tense 1. *bumawin. 1\ 2. *gori bumaga. T. 3. fburda buma.
T. 4. buma.
These numbers indicate the Tenses as shown above.
- The pronouns to be used here are: — Sing, ganya, ginni,
bal; Plur. galata, n'yurag, balgun; but instead of ganya and ginni, T. 2. takes gadjo and nyundo; there use the forms gadjul, n'yundul.
Passive Voice. — ^For the passive voice, use the same tense-forms as in the active voice, that is, buma for the pres. and the/ut., and bumaga for the past, but prefix to them the accusative cases of the personal pronouns; thus, ganya-in gori bumaga, 'I was
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