Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/106

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HG. veim, OHG. feim, m.; comp. the corresponding AS. fâm, E. foam, which are primit. allied to the equiv. Sans. phêna, OSlov. pěna. ModHG. abgefeimt, from an earlier abfeimen, ‘to skim’ (comp. raffiniert, from Fr. raffiner, ‘to refine’).

fein, adj., ‘fine, elegant, cunning,’ from MidHG. vîn, fîn, adj., ‘fine, beautiful’; OHG. *fîn may be inferred from the adv. fînlîhho, which is first recorded in a gloss of the 10th cent.; comp. Du. fijn, E. fine. Borrowed from a word common to Romance, Ital. fino (Fr. fin), with the prim. meaning ‘perfect, genuine, pure,’ which is a late adj. form from Lat. finire.

Feind, m., ‘enemy, foe, fiend,’ from MidHG. vînt, vîent, vîant, OHG. fîant, m., ‘enemy’; the common Teut. noun for ‘enemy’; comp. OSax. fîund, AS. feónd, E. fiend, OIc. fjánde, Goth. fijands. In contrast to Lat. hostis, discussed under Gast, the Teut. designates his enemy according to the disposition of the latter; Feind (pres. part. of the Sans. root pî, pîy, ‘to scorn, hate’) is lit. ‘the hater’; comp. OHG. fîen, AS. feógan, Goth. fijan, ‘to hate,’ akin to Goth. faian, ‘to blame.’ Fehde is perhaps allied to it; for the transformation of the pres. part. into a subst. comp. also Freund, Weigand, and Heiland.

feist, adj., ‘fat, in good condition,’ from MidHG. veiȥt, veiȥet, OHG. feiȥȥit, adj., ‘fat, greasy’; properly a partic. without gi-, ge- of a Goth. verb *faitjan, ‘to fatten,’ OHG. feiȥȥen, which is from the nominal stem faita-, ‘fat,’ OIc. feitr, MidHG. veiȥ. With the assumed Goth. *faitiþs are connected AS. fœ̂ted, fœ̂tt, and E. fat (comp. fett). Goth. *faita-, from pre-Teut. paido-, has no unquestionable cognates in the allied languages; it can scarcely be connected with OSlov. pitĕti, ‘to nourish, feed,’ on account of the faulty shifting of the dental (Slav. t corresponding to Goth. t is impossible); it is more probably related to the root πῖδ, ‘to swell, flow forth’; comp. πῖδαξ, ‘a spring,’ πιδύω, ‘to gush forth.’

Felber, m., ‘white willow,’ from MidHG. vëlwer, older vëlwâre, m., from vëlwe, ‘willow,’ OHG. fëlawa, fëlwa, f., ‘willow tree.’ Probably Osset. färwe, ‘alder,’ is primit. allied to it.’

Feld, n., ‘field, space, square (chessboard), panel,’ from MidHG. vëlt (gen. -des), OHG. fëld, n., ‘field, soil, surface, plain’; a word common to West Teut. pointing to Goth. *filþ, n.; OSax. and AS. fëld

(lþ in both dialects are regularly changed into ld), E. field, Du. veld. It is still questionable whether OIc. fjall, ‘mountain,’ is identical with it, since the former is more probably connected with ModHG. Fels. On the other hand, the following are certainly allied: — OIc. fold, f., ‘pasture,’ AS. folde, f., OSax. folda, ‘earth, country, ground’ (pointing to Goth *fuldô). Finn. pelto is derived from Teut. felþos, which, with OIc. folda, is based upon the Aryan root plth (Sans. pṛth), ‘to be broad, flat’; comp. Sans. pṛthivî, ‘earth,’ as well Fladen.

Felge, f., ‘felly (of a wheel),’ from MidHG. vëlge, OHG. fëlga, f., ‘rim of a wheel, tyre,’ OHG. also ‘harrow, roller for breaking clods’; comp. Du. radvelge, ‘felloe,’ AS. fëlg, E. felly (rim, fellow). Is OHG. felga, ‘roller, harrow,’ to be connected with AS. *fealge (MidE. falge, ‘fallow land’), E. fallow, and its e to be regarded therefore as formed by mutation? MidHG. valgen, ‘to plough up, dig,’ makes such a supposition very probable. It is possible that the two classes in the sense of ‘felloe’ and ‘barrow’ are not allied to each other. Between OHG. fëlga and AS. felga, ‘felloe,’ there is no connecting link.

Fell, n., ‘hide, skin, fur,’ from MidHG. vël(ll), OHG. fël(ll), ‘human skin, hide’; comp. Goth. fill, n., in þrûts-fill, ‘leprosy,’ faurafilli, ‘foreskin’; OIc. fjall, ‘skin, hide,’ in compounds, AS. fëll, n., ‘skin, hide,’ E. fell, Du. vel. Common to Teut. orig., but universal in the wider sense of ‘skin,’ both of men and animals. Teut. fella- from pre-Teut. pello- or pelno-; comp. Lat. pellis, Gr. πέλλα, ‘hide, leather,’ ἄπελλος, n., ‘(skinless) unhealed wound,’ ἐρυσίπελας, ‘erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire,’ ἐπίπλοος, ‘caul of the entrails,’ the latter for ἐπίπλοϝος, akin to Lith. plėvė, ‘caul, skin’; also akin to AS. filmen, ‘membrane, foreskin,’ E. film; likewise Gr. πέλμα, ‘sole of the foot or shoe,’ and perhaps πέπλος, ‘garment,’ as a reduplicated form (πέ-πλ-ος, root πελ).

Felleisen, n., from the equiv. MidHG. velîs, m., ‘valise, knapsack’; the ModHG. form is a corruption of the MidHG. word which is based upon the equiv. Fr. valise.

Felsen, m., ‘rock,’ from the equiv. MidHG. vęlse, vęls, m., OHG. fęlis, m., felisa, f. (from which Fr. falaise, ‘cliff,’ is borrowed); akin to OSax. fęlis, m., probably also to OIc. fjall, ‘mountain’; the latter would be *filza- in Goth., the former *falisa-; in Du. and E. the word is wanting. OIr.