Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/124

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forhtian; Du. and Scand. are wanting; Goth. faurhtjan, ‘to fear, be afraid,’ with the partic. faúrhts, ‘timid,’ used as an adj. The dental of the vb., which was probably strong orig., is a suffix of the present stem, hence Teut. farh-tjan; the corresponding abstr. OHG. forh-ta is formed like Schande. To the Teut. root forh (Aryan prk?, qerk?), Lat. querquerus, ‘shivering,’ and Gr. καρκαίρω, ‘to tremble,’ have been allied.

fürder, adv., ‘further,’ from MidHG. vürder, OHG. furdir, adv., ‘further in front, further on, away’; apparently an oblique form of the compar. neut., like Goth. faurþis, ‘formerly,’ from fort, Goth. *faurþ; AS. furþor, adv., ‘forward, further, more distantly’ (Goth. *faúrþôs), E. further. See fort.

Furke, f., ‘pitchfork,’ from MidHG. furke, OHG. furcha, f., ‘fork’; comp. Du. vork, AS. and E. fork; from Lat. furca, introduced early in the OHG. period along with Southern horticulture.

Fürst, m., ‘‘sovereign, chief, prince,’ from MidHG. vürste, m., ‘the highest, most distinguished, ruler, prince,’ OHG. furisto, OSax. furisto, Du. vorst, ‘prince’; like Herr, simply a Ger. form. Just as Herr is orig. a compar. of hehr, so is Fürst prop. a superlat. meaning ‘first’; comp. OHG. furist, AS. fyrst, E. first, OIc. fyrstr; Goth. *faúrista is wanting; the corresponding compar. is OHG. furiro, ‘the former, preferable,’ OIc. fyrre, ‘former.’ The usual OSax. and AS. word for ‘first’ is formo, forma, with the suffix ma (Goth. fruma); from Aryan pṛ like Gr. πρόμος, Sans. pûrva-s, OSlov. prŭvŭ, Lith. pírmas, ‘first.’ It is evident that also vor, für, fort, &c., are derivatives of this Aryan root pṛ.

Furt, f. (UpG. masc. also), ‘ford,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. vurt, m.; comp. OSax. *ford in Heriford (lit. ‘lord's ford’), Hereford; MidDu. vord, AS. ford, m., E. ford; comp. AS. Oxenaford (lit. ‘oxen's ford’), ‘Oxford’ (also Schweinfurt, Erfurt). Goth. *faúrdus, ‘ford,’ is wanting. It belongs to the Teut. root far, ‘to go, march,’ and hence signifies lit. ‘a frequented, passable spot’; comp. Gr. πόρος, ‘ford,’ which has a cognate root, and βόσπορος with Oxford; also Zend peretu, ‘bridge’ (Euphrates, lit. ‘having many bridges’?); so too Lat. portus, ‘port’; OIc. fjǫrðr, m, ‘bay.’ Lat. -ritum (for *pritum) in Augustoritum, from Kelt., is also allied to this word.

fuschen, vb., ‘to perform hastily, cheat,’ ModHG. only, of obscure origin.

Fusel, m. ‘bad brandy,’ probably from chemical technology (Lat. fusilis, ‘liquid’?).

Fuß, m., ‘foot, base, pedestal, footing,’ from the equiv. MidHG. vuoȥ, OHG. fuoȥ, m., ‘foot’; a common Teut. and more remotely a common Aryan term for ‘foot’; comp. Goth. fôtus, OIc. fótr, AS. fôt, E. foot, Du. voet, OSax. fôt. The Teut. fôt- (weak subst.), from Aryan pôd-, which interchanged with Aryan pŏd- and pĕd in declension. Comp. Gr. ποδ- in πόδα, nom. sing. πούς (Æol. πώς); Lat. pĕd-em, nom. sing. pes; πέδιλον, ‘sandal,’ πεζός (for πεδjός), ‘on foot’; o gradation in Lat. tripudium; OInd. nom. sing. pâd (locat. padí), ‘foot,’ padá, neu., ‘tread, footstep.’ The e gradation is preserved in Teut. by OIc. fet, n., ‘step,’ but as a measure ‘foot’ (Lith. pėdà, ‘mark of the foot’); akin to OIc. feta, ‘to find the way,’ OHG. fëȥȥan, ‘to go.’ Respecting OIc. fjǫturr see Fessel; OIc. fit, f., ‘the skin of birds between the claws.’ MidE. fetlak, E. fetlock; thus too MidHG. viȥȥeloch, ‘hough,’ earlier ModHG. Fitzloch; they are derivatives (not compounds) of *fet-, ‘foot.’ —

Fußstapfe, f., ‘footstep, trace,’ from stapfen; often divided wrongly into Fuß-tapfe, which would originate in a verb tapfen for stapfen.

Futter, n., from the equiv. MidHG. vuoter, OHG. fuotar, n., ‘nourishment, food, fodder, lining, case’; comp. Du. voeder, n. ‘fodder, lining’; AS. fôdor, n. E. fodder; OIc. fóðr, n., ‘fodder’; Goth. fôdr, n., ‘scabbard.’ Two really different words seem to have converged phonetically in this term. Goth. *fôdr, ‘nourishment,’ seems to be connected with AS. fôda, ‘nourishment,’ E. food, Goth. fôdjan, AS. fêdan, E. to feed, and consequently with a Teut. root fôd, fad (comp. OHG. fatunga, ‘nourishment, food’), from Aryan pā̆t, which also appears in Gr. πατέομαι, ‘to eat’; likewise akin to AS. fôstor, ‘maintenance,’ E. to foster, foster-brother, &c. The second, Futter, ‘case,’ Goth. fôdr, ‘sheath,’ has been thought to be allied to Sans. pãtra-m, n., ‘vessel, receptacle.’ The Teut. cognates in both senses found their way into Rom.; comp. Prov. and OFr. fuerre (ModFr. feurre), ‘sheath,’ formed from Goth. fôdr, OHG. fuotar, ‘sheath,’ ModFr. feurre, ‘straw for feeding cattle,’ ModFr. fourreau, ‘case, sheath,’ &c.

Futteral, n., ‘case, lining, sheath,’ ModHG. only, from MidLat. fotrale, a derivative of OHG. fôtar, MidHG. vuoter; comp. Futter.