Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/126

---

Gr. γαλάγγα). The origin of the term has probably been rightly ascribed to the East; some etymologists compare it with Arab galang.

Galgen, m., ‘gallows, gibbet, crossbeam,’ from MidHG. galge, OHG. galgo, m., ‘gallows (also applied to the cross of Christ), frame over a well from which the bucket is hung to draw water.’ It corresponds to OSax. galgo, Du. galg, AS. gealga, E. gallows (the plur. used as a sing., yet comp. gallow-tree), OIc. galge, ‘gallows,’ Goth. galga, m. (applied to the cross of Christ, as also in all the other OTeut. dialects); a common Teut. word, Teut. galgan-, pre-Teut. ghalgha-; comp. Lith. żalga, f., ‘pole.’ Note the double sense of the MidHG. and OHG. word. Probably some such idea as a ‘long pliable rod’ is the starting-point of the various meanings of the cognates.

Gallapfel, m., ‘gall, gall-nut,’ first occurs in early ModHG., from Lat. galla, whence also, probably, the equiv. AS. galloc; comp. E. oak-gall (galloak). See Galle (2.).

Galle (1.), f., ‘gall, bile,’ from the equiv. MidHG. galle, OHG. galla, f.; common to Teut. in the same sense (only in Goth. is the weak neu. *gallô not recorded); comp. OSax. galla, Du. gal, AS. gealla, OIc. gall, n. Like a great number of terms relating to the body (see Fuß, Herz, Niere, Nase, Ohr), Galle too has numerous correspondences in the cognate languages, which points to the antiquity of the Aryan term (Goth. *gallin- or *galzin-, from pre-Teut. ghal-); comp. Gr. χολή, χόλος, Lat. fel, fellis, n., ‘gall.’ Many etymologists connect the word with gelb (OHG. gëlo), as if gall was named from its colour; OSlov. žlŭčĭ, ‘gall’ (from *gĭlkĭ), is certainly allied to Russ. želknutĭ, ‘to turn yellow.’

Galle (2.), f., ‘barbel,’ from MidHG. galle, f., ‘swelling above the knee on the hind-leg of a horse’; comp. E. gall (swelling, sore spot, gall-nut); it is questionable whether Gall-Apfel is allied to the word. Also in Romance, Ital. galla and Span. agulla, signify ‘swelling, tumour, gall-nut.’ Hence the Lat.-Rom. galla, ‘gall-nut,’ was perhaps the source of the Teut. terms. Yet it is possible that the foreign word has been confused with a Teut. word similar in sound, especially since Swed. dialects also have a term gräsgaller, ‘swelling on the hoof of a horse.’

Gallerte, f., ‘jelly, from MidHG. gal-

hert, galhart, galreide, f., ‘jelly of animal and vegetable matter.’ MidLat. galatina, ‘jelly,’ as well as Fr. gelée (from Lat. gelare), cannot, for phonetic reasons, serve as the source of the MidHG. word; the origin is still obscure.

Galmei, m., ‘calamine,’ first occurs in early ModHG., with the older variant Kalmei; once in MidHG. kalemîne; from MidLat. and Rom.; comp. MidLat. lapis calaminaris, Fr. calamine; earlier Lat. cadmia, Gr. καδμεία, ‘calamine.’

Galopp, m., ‘gallop,’ borrowed from Fr. galop, even in the MidHG. period, as is proved by MidHG. galopieren, of which the variant walopieren occurs (comp. MidHG. walap, ‘galop,’ E. wallop). The Rom. words on which they are based are derived by some etymologists from a Teut. source, though it cannot be assigned to any satisfactory root; some assume a Goth-Teut. *walh-hlaup, which is supposed to denote a Kelt. method of trotting.

Gamander, m., ‘germander,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gamandrê; from MidLat. chamandreus, gamandraea, which is based upon Gr. χαμαίδρυς, χαμαίδρυον, ‘germander.’

Ganerbe, m., ‘joint-heir, co-proprietor,’ from MidHG. ganerbe (from ge-an-erbe), m., ‘next co-heir, especially a co-heir with the right of obtaining the property of his fellow-inheritors at their death,’ OHG. ganarbo, ‘co-heir’ (Goth. *gaána-arbja, m.). The prefix ga, representing Lat. con-, ‘together with,’ was current in OTeut. See Genoß, Geselle.

Gang, m., ‘going, movement, gait, passage,’ M the equiv. MidHG. ganc(g), OHG. gang, m., ‘gait, walking’; corresponding to OSax. gang, Du. gang, AS. gong, m., ‘walking, gait’ (comp. E. gang, gangway, and gangweek), OIc. gangr, n., ‘gait, walking,’ Goth. gaggs, ‘lane.’ Also in older Teut. a str. vb. gangan, ‘to go,’ of which only the pret. ging and the partic. gegangen are still current in ModHG. In East Teut., in which gehen is wanting, ganga (OIc.) and gaggan (Goth.) have a wider range; yet comp. OSwed. and ODan. ga, ‘to go.’ In West Teut. part of gehen has been lost; in E., differing in this respect from G., the older gangan has become entirely obsolete. Teut. root gang, pre-Teut. ghangh. The only correspondences in other Aryan languages are Sans. jáṅghâ, f., ‘leg, foot,’ Lith. żengiù (żèngti), ‘to step,’ akin to Lith. prażanga, ‘trespass.’

gänge, adj., ‘current, in vogue, cus-