Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/174

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wood,’ Gr. κλάδο-ς, m., ‘twig,’ OIr. caill, coill, ‘forest’ (with ll from Id).

Honig, m., ‘honey,’ from MidHG. honec (gen. -ges, variant hünic), OHG. honag, honang, n.; comp. OSax. honeg, Du. honig, AS. huneg, n., E. honey, OIc. hunang, n.; a common Teut. word, wanting only in Goth., in which an older term, miliþ (Gr. μελιτ-, Lat. mel, under Mehltau), is used. The origin is not certain; it has been referred to Gr. κόνις, ‘dust’; Honig, ‘granular’?.

Hopfen, m., ‘hops,’ from MidHG. hopfe, late OHG. hopfo, m.; comp. MidLG. and Du. hoppe, MidE. hoppe, E. hop; MidLat. hupa (for huppa?). The origin of the cognates is obscure; the term may be borrowed, but there is no proof of this. The assumed relation to OHG. hiufo, OSax. hiopo, AS. heópe, ‘brier,’ is not satisfactory, since the latter cannot be assigned to a general sense, ‘climbing plant.’ Nor is it probable that Hopfen is connected with hüpfen. Scand. has humall, m., Sw. and Dan. hamle, formed from MidLat. humlo, humulus (whence Fr. houblon?). — Hopsen — hopsen, see hüpfen.

horchen, vb., ‘to hearken, listen to, obey,’ properly MidG. (in UpG. losen, hören), MidHG. hō̆rchen, late OHG. hôrechen, from *hôrahhôn; comp. AS. *heárcian, E. to hark, OFris. hêrkia; a common West Teut. derivative of hören. Goth. *hauzaqôn? (whence in AS. hŷrcnian, E. to hearken). Comp. E. to talk, connected with to tell, to lurk with to lower (see lauern), to walk, related to wallen.

Horde (1.), f., ‘horde,’ ModHG. only (from the middle of the 16th cent.); comp. Fr. and E. horde, Ital. orda; “a word originating in Asia.” From Tartar horda, ‘camp,’ Pers. ordu, ‘army, camp.’

Horde (2.), f., ‘frames of wickerwork and the space enclosed by them,’ from MidHG. horde (MidG.), ‘enclosure, district;’ comp. Du. horde, ‘wickerwork, hurdle,’ Allied to Hürde.

hören, vb., ‘to hear, give ear to, listen,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hœren, OHG. hôren; common Teut. hauzjan, ‘to hear’; comp. Goth. hœusjan, OIc. heyra, AS. hŷran, hêran, E. to hear, Du. hooren, OLG. hôrian (comp. also the derivative horchen); Teut. root hauz, from pre-Teut. kous, to which is allied Gr. ἀκούω (for *α-κούσjω?; Hesychius, κοᾷ ἀκούει). - The latter is probably connected with the Aryan stem of Ohr (cus), just as Lat. audire stands for *aus-dire (comp. auscultare); in that case the Teut.

guttural h, Gr. ἀκ, would be the remnant of a prefix. A more widely diffused stem for hören is OTeut. hlus and klu, from Pre-Teut. klus and klu, which, however, is nearly obsolete in Teut.; comp. laut, lauschen, laustern. Der. gehorsam, from MidHG. and OHG. gehôrsam (AS. gehŷrsum), ‘obedient.’

Horn, n., ‘horn, peak,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. horn, n.; comp. Goth. haúrn, OIc. horn, AS. and E. horn, OFris. horn, Du. horen; a common Teut. word for ‘horn,’ cognate with Lat. cornu, and Ir., W., and Corn. corn (κάρνον την σάλπιγγα Τάλατας, Hesychius); allied to Gr. κέρ-ας, ‘horn,’ with a different suffix (comp. also Teut. Hirsch, lit. ‘horned animal’), as well as the equiv. Sans. çrñ-ga. See further respecting the Aryan root ker under Hirn. Comp. Hahnrei.

Hornisse, f., ‘hornet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hôrniȥ, hórnū̆ȥ (early ModHG., also Hornauß), OHG. hórnaȥ, hórnū̆ȥ, m.; comp. AS. hyrnet, E. hornet; probably not a derivative of Horn. The Slav. and Lat. words for ‘hornet’ point rather to a Goth. *haurznuts, based upon a root horz, Aryan kṛs (Ind. *çṛs); Lat. crâbro, ‘hornet,’ for *crâsro, OSlov. srŭšenĭ, Lith. szirszone, ‘hornet.’ They point to an old Aryan root kṛs, ‘hornet’; with this comp. OSlov. srŭša, Lith. szirszu̇, ‘wasp.’ A trace of this medial s is retained in Du. horzel, ‘hornet’ (Goth. *haursuls), to which horzelen, ‘to hum,’ is allied.

Hornung, m., ‘February,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. hornunc(g); the termination -ung is patronymic; February is regarded as the offspring of January, which in earlier ModHG. (dial.) is designated by großer Horn, ‘great horn,’ in contrast with February, kleiner Horn, ‘little horn.’ Comp. AS. and OIc. hornung, ‘bastard’?.

Horst, m., ‘shrubbery, eyrie,’ from MidHG. hurst, (MidG.) horst, OHG. hurst, horst, f., ‘shrubbery, copse, thicket’; MidE. hurst, ‘hill, copse,’ E. hurst; of obscure origin.

Hort, m. (like Halle, Heim, and Gau, revived in the last cent., after being long forgotten, by the study of MidHG.), from the equiv. MidHG. hort, m., OHG. hort, n., ‘hoard’; OSax. hord (horth), n., ‘treasure,’ also ‘hidden, innermost room,’ AS. hord, n. and m., ‘treasure, store,’ E. hoard; Goth. huzd, ‘treasure,’ OIc. hodd, n., hoddr, m., ‘treasure.’ Teut. hozda-, from pre--