Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/191

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OTeut. antiquity; but the important fact is, and this is confirmed by his general statements, that concubines were chosen from the prisoners, or rather the slaves; in antiquity the slaves were regarded as chattels; comp. Lat. mancipium, Gr. ἀνδράποδον; OIc. man, ‘slave,’ is neu., and sometimes signifies ‘female slave, concubine.’

keck, adj., ‘pert, impudent,’ from MidHG. këc, a variant of quëc (inflected këcker, quëcker), ‘living, fresh’; OHG. chëc (inflected chëcchêr), quëc, quëcchêr, ‘living.’ Corresponding to AS. cwicu (cucu), ‘living,’ E. quick. The prim. meaning of the adj. is ‘living,’ and the ModHG. lebhaft, ‘lively,’ illustrates the development of the signification. For farther comparison we have to proceed from the corresponding Goth. adj. qiwa, ‘living’ (the second c, k of the HG. and E. words, is an insertion before the Goth. w). Goth. qiwa-, derived from gwiwo-, giwo-, corresponds exactly to Lat. vîvus for gwîvus, Sans. jîvás, ‘living,’ allied to Lat. vîvere (victus); Sans. jivâtus, ‘life,’ jîvathas, ‘life’; furthur, in Gr. with an initial β (comp. βαίνω, ‘to go’), βίος, βίοτος, βιόω; allied to OSlov. živŭ, Lith. gývas, OIr. beo, ‘living.’ All these forms indicate an Aryan root gī̆w, ‘to live.’ This root seems to be graded in Teut. only, in OIc. kveykva, kveikja (Goth. *qaiwjan), ‘to light a fire,’ prop. ‘to give life to.’ In ModHG. erquicken and Quecksilber are connected with the same root, and in fact with the Aryan, adj. gī̆wós, ‘living’; the loss of the u after q, which has differentiated keck from queck, is seen also in kommen, Köder, and Kot.

Kegel (1.), m., ‘cone, nine-pin, sight (of a gun),’ from MidHG. and MidLG. k€gel, m., ‘nine-pin,’ also ‘stick, cudgel, OHG. chęgil, ‘stake, plug,’ allied to MidDu. kegghe, Du. keg, ‘wedge,’ ModHG. and Bav. kag, ‘stump.’ OHG. chęgil, ‘plug,’ may have been Goth. *kagils (from pre-Teut. gagho-), and might be cognate with Gr. γόμφο-ς (φ for gh), ‘plug, wooden nail, wedge,’ with the root syllable nasalised. It cannot be decided whether Lith. żaginýs, ‘stake, post’ (żagaras, ‘dry branch’), is allied to Kegel, or rather to Kufe, ‘cheek of a sledge.’

Kegel (2.), m., ‘bastard’ (retained in ModHG. only in the phrase Kind und Kegel, ‘kith and kin’), from MidHG. kęgel, kękel, ‘illegitimate child,’ Of obscure origin.

Kehle, f., ‘throat; channel, fluting,’

from the equiv. MidHG. and MidLG. kele, f., OHG. chëla; corresponding to Du. keel, AS. čeole (obsolete in E.) and čeolor. In Goth. perhaps *kilô (gen. *kilôns). Since Teut. k is derived from pre-Teut. g, we may compare Sans. gala and Lat. gula, ‘throat.’ See Herz.

kehren (1.), vb., ‘to turn,’ from MidHG. kêren, OHG. chêrren, ‘to turn, direct’; a difficult word to explain both etymologically and phonetically; in AS. čěrran, čy̆rran (pret. čy̆rde), ‘to turn.’

kehren (2.), vb., ‘to sweep,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kęrn, kęren, kęrjen, OHG. chęrian, chęren; the Goth. form is probably *karjan, not *kazjan; also OHG. ubarchara, ‘offscouring, impurity,’ connected with Ic. kar, n., ‘dirt (on new-born lambs and calves).’ Probably primit. allied to Lith. żeriu, żèrti, ‘to scrape.’

Keib, Kaib, m., ‘vulgar person,’ prop. ‘carrion’; simply ModHG., and only in Suab. and Alem.

keifen, vb., ‘to scold,’ with the LG. form for the strictly HG. keiben, MidHG. kîben, ‘to upbraid, quarrel,’ with the equiv. frequentative kibeln, kiveln; MidHG. kîp, kîbes, m., ‘wrangling manner, defiance, refractoriness.’ MidLG. kîven, Du. kijven, ‘to upbraid,’ Scand. kífa, ‘to quarrel,’ kíf, ‘quarrel.’

Keil, m., ‘wedge, keystone,’ from MidHG. kîl, ‘wedge, plug,’ with the curious variant kîdel (ModHG. dial. Keidel), OHG. chîl, ‘plug’; both the MidHG. forms assume Goth. *keiþls’. Scand. keiler (Goth. *kaileis), m., ‘wedge,’ is abnormal; the root is kî, kai. OIc. kill, ‘canal’ (comp. the proper name Kiel), is probably not connected on account of the meaning; since OHG. and MidHG. kîl signifies ‘plug,’ the word is more probably allied to AS. cœ̂g, E. key.

Keiler, Keuler, m., ‘wild boar,’ ModHG. only, probably not allied to Keule; borrowed from Lit. kuilýs, ‘boar’.

Keim, m., ‘germ, bud, shoot,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kîm, kîme, m., OHG. chîm, chîmo, m. (Goth. *keima, m.). The Teut. root is kî, which is widely diffused in the Teut. group. Goth. has only the partic. of a vb. derived from this root, us-kijans, ‘sprouted,’ for which, however, an earlier variant, keins, ‘germinated,’ is assumed by the vb. us-keinan (-nôda). With the same root kî are connected the dental derives. AS. cîþ, OSax. kîð, OHG. chîdi (from-