Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/194

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with a covering of wax, taper,’ form the series. Hence there is no need to suppose that Kerze has been borrowed from Ft. cerâta, allied to cera, ‘wax,’ an assumption equally at variance with the phonological relations of the words. It is true that neither *karta-, ‘tow,’ nor its derivative *kartjô, ‘taper,’ has any etymological support in the non-Teut. languages. The OHG. doublet karza, kęrza, may, however, be explained by the assumption of a Goth. *kartjô, f., the mutation appearing only at a late period before r and consons. in OHG.

Kessel, m., ‘kettle, cauldron, boiler,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kęȥȥel, OHG. chęȥȥil, m.; corresponding to Goth. katils, OIc. ketell, AS. čytel, m., E. kettle, and the equiv. Du. ketel. This OTeut. word is usually derived from Lat. catînus, ‘dish’ (Sans. kaṭhina, ‘dish’), or its dimin. catillus. Lat. catînus is indicated by OHG. kęȥȥîn, chęȥȥî, MidHG. chęȥȥî (Alem.) ‘kettle,’ AS. cęte, ‘cooking-pot.’ It is shown under Igel that Goth. katils can be derived from Lat. catînus. Schüssel and Tisch may have been borrowed at the same period as Kessel. From Lat. catînus are also derived the Rom. terms, Port. cadinho and Tyrol. cadin, ‘wooden dish.’ From Teut., OSlov. kotilŭ, ‘kettle’ is derived.

Kette (1.), f., ‘covey,’ with the earlier variants kitte, kütte, at present dial.; used in ModHG. only of partridges, &c. Kette is a corruption of the unintelligible kütte, MidHG. kütte, OHG. chutti, n., ‘herd, troop’; comp. MidLG. küdde, Du. kudde, f., ‘herd.’ We might connect the word with Lith. gũtas, m., gaujà, f., ‘herd,’ and hence further with the Ind. root jû (for gū̆), ‘to drive, urge on,’ Lith. gùiti, ‘to drive.’ Therefore the dental of the OHG. word, as in the equiv. Lith. gũtas, belongs to the suffix. The Aryan root is gu, ‘to drive cattle.’

Kette (2.), f., ‘chain, fetter,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kęten, kętene (Kette is found since the 15th cent.), f., OHG. chętina, chętinna, f., ‘chain’; borrowed from Lat. catêna, yet hardly from the latter itself, since the word was probably naturalized in G. before the HG. permutation of consonants (comp. Kerker), but rather from a vernacular cadéna (thus Prov. and Span., hence Fr. chaine, from which MidE. chaine, E. chain is derived), which by a change of accent and by the HG. permutation and mutation resulted in chętîna; Du. keten and

MidDu. ketene still point, however, to the t of the Lat. word. For the transition of ê to î, comp. feiern and Pein. The accent is changed, as in OHG. ábbā̆t, from Lat. abbát-em.

Ketzer, m., ‘heretic,’ from MidHG. ketzer, m., ‘heretic,’ also ‘reprobate, Sodomite’ (not recorded in OHG.). The tz presents no difficulties in deriving the word from Gr. καθαρός (καθαροί, a Manichean sect spread throughout the West in the 11th and 12th cents., and persecuted by the Church), if it be assumed that Du. ketter, ‘heretic,’ is a phonetic version of the HG. word. It is true that HG. tz from Gr. θ (Lat. th) cannot be demonstrated; the hard fricative th (þ, θ) may, however, be regarded phonetically as tz, since, e.g., King Chilperic's sign for the was none other than z; the þ in OIc. words sounded also to the Germans of the 9th cent. like z; þór seemed to them zor. So too in Italy the καθαροί were called Gazari.

keuchen, vb., ‘to gasp,’ from MidHG. kûchen, ‘to breathe’; MidHG. kîchen, ‘to breathe with difficulty, gasp,’ has also been absorbed in the ModHG. vb. Corresponding to Du. kugchen, ‘to cough,’ from MidDu. kuchen, AS. cohhettan, MidE. coughen, E. to cough. — MidHG. kîchen is based on a Teut. root kik, which appears in LG., Du., and E., in a nasalised form; LG. (Holstein) kinghosten, Du. kinkhoest, m., E. chincough (for chinkcough), ‘whooping-cough’; allied to Swed. kikhosta, Dan. kighoste, AS. čincung.

Keule, f., ‘club, pestle; thigh; rude fellow,’ from MidHG. kiule, f., ‘club, stick, pole’; cognate with ModHG. Kaule, from MidHG. kûle, a variant of kugele, kugel. See the further references under Kugel.

Keuler, m. see Keiler.

keusch, adj., ‘chaste, pure,’ from MidHG. kiusche, kiusch, adj., ‘moderate, quiet, modest, bashful'; OHG. chûski, adj., ‘continent, moderate.’ AS. cûse is borrowed from the OSax. of the Heliand, OSax. *kûsci, of which only the corresponding adv. cûsco is recorded; Du. kuisch, ‘cleanly, chaste.’ The prim. meaning of the OTeut. adj., which appears in all these forms, is presumably ‘pure’; comp. Du. kuischen, ‘to clean, purify’; OHG. unchûskî, ‘dirt’ (also Hess. unkeuscher Weg, ‘road in bad condition’). —

Keuschlamm, ‘chaste tree,’ simply ModHG., formed from MidLat. agnus castus, known in Gr. by the term