Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/208

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OHG. chôla, f. Adopted with the South Europ. culinary art and horticulture from Lat. caulis, m., ‘cabbage’; E. cole; MidE. caul, coul, AS. câwl, as well as OIc. kál, n., point to Lat. caulis, whence also Ital. cavolo, Fr. chou, ‘cabbage,’ and W. cawl. The ‘apparently vernacular’ Lat. côlis would have left no trace in the history of language if the MidHG. forms kŏle, kŏl, with a short accented syllable, were not derived from it. Most of the G. varieties of fruits and vegetables may have been introduced into Germany with the art of cookery in the 6th or 7th cent.; comp. Eppich, kochen, Pfeffer, Minze, Pflaume, and Kirsche.

Kohle, f., ‘coal, charcoal,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kole, f., mostly kole, kol, m., and kol, n., OHG. cholo, m., chol, n.; comp. AS. col, n., E. coal (E. colemouse, see under Kohlmeise), OIc. kol, n. plur., ‘coals.’ Akin to the derivs, OIc. kylna, f., ‘kiln,’ AS. cylne, E. kiln, as well as Swed. kylla, ‘to heat.’

Kohlmeise, f., ‘coalmouse,’ from MidHG. kŏlemeise, f., allied to Kohle, not to Kohl; lit. ‘titmouse with a black head’; AS. cŏlmâse, E. colemouse (a corruption of coalmouse, just as the Germans instinctively connect Kohlmeise with Kohl).

Kohlrabi, m., ‘turnip-cabbage,’ from Ital. cavoli rape (plur.); comp. Fr. chourave, Germanised Kohlrübe. For further references see Rübe.

Kolben, m., ‘club,’ from MidHG. kolbe, ‘mace, club, cudgel,’ OHG. cholbo, m.; Ic. kólfr, m., ‘javelin, arrow, bulb,’ with the derivative kylfi, n., kylfa, f., ‘club, cudgel.’ Goth. *kulba-n-, ‘stick with a thick knob at the end.’ From its meaning the word seems to be related to the cognates with the nasal form klumb, discussed under Klumpen; in that case the Aryan root may be gl-bh, and the word compared with Lat. globus, ‘round mass’ (also ‘clique,’ comp. E. club).

Kolk, m., ‘deep pool,’ LG.; Du. kolk, m., ‘eddy, abyss, hole.’ Comp. Sans. gárgara, m.; yet according to Lat. gurges, ‘eddy, whirlpool, abyss,’ Teut. r and not l ought to correspond to Ind. r.

Koller (1.), n. and m., ‘lady's ruff,’ from MidHG. koller, kollier, gollier, goller, m., ‘neckcloth,’ derived from Fr. collier (Lat. collarium).

Koller, (2.), m., ‘staggers,’ from MidHG. kolre, m., ‘staggers, frenzy, silent rage,’ OHG. cholero, m.; derived, like a number

of medical terms, mediately from Gr. χολέρα, Lat. cholera; the ch has also in Rom. the value of a k; comp. Ital. collera, Fr. colère.

Kolter, m., ‘coverlet,’ from MidHG. kolter, kulter, m., f., and n., ‘quilted counterpane,’ from OFr. coultre (comp. Ital. coltra); for further references see Kissen.

kommen, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. komen, OHG. chuëman, ‘to come,’ a common Teut. vb. The proper form of the initial k is qu, as is proved by ModHG. bequem, and hence OHG. quëman is the base; the w of an initial hw is frequently suppressed in HG. (comp. keck and kirr) before e and o (not before a). Goth. qiman, AS. cuman, E. to come, OSax. cuman, OIc. koma. The prim. Teut. vb. qeman, ‘to come,’ thus deduced has a remoter history; it is identical with the Ind. and Zend root gam, ‘to come,’ and allied to Lat. vĕnio for *gvĕmio, Gr. βαίνω for *βανjω (for *gvĕmiô); comp. bequem and Kunst. The assumed Aryan root is gem. The evolution of a v after the g is normal; comp. Goth. qinô with Gr. γυνή and Ind. gnã (*gánâ), ‘woman’; Goth. qiwa-, Lat. vivus (Gr. βίος, subst.), Ind. jîvá (see keck; comp. the similar evolution of a kv akin to Teut. hw from Aryan k under wer and welcher).

Komtur, m., ‘commander of an order of knighthood,’ from MidHG. kommentiur, komedûr, m., from OFr. commendeor (Lat. commendator), ‘commander, holder of an estate belonging to a priestly order.’

König, m., ‘king,’ from the equiv. MidHG. künic, künc (g), OHG. chunig, chuning; corresponding to OSax. cuning, AS. cyning (cyng,) E. king, Du. koning, OIc. konungr; a common Teut. term, wanting only in Goth. The high antiquity of the term is attested by its being borrowed at an early period by Finn. and Esth. as kuningas, ‘king,’ by OSlov. as kŭnęgŭ, kŭnęzĭ, ‘prince,’ Lith. as kùningas, ‘lord, pastor’ (Lett. kungs, ‘lord’). The word may be most probably explained by connecting it with Goth. kuni (gen. kunjis), OHG. chunni, MidHG. künne, AS. cynn, ‘family.’ Regarding -ing as a patronymic (AS. Wôdening, ‘son of Woden’), the meaning would be ‘a man of family,’ i.e, of a distinguished family, ‘ex nobilitate ortus’ (Tacitus, Germ. vii.). This simple and satisfactory explanation is opposed by the fact that in OTeut. kuni- alone means ‘king,’ which has been preserved especially in compounds such as AS. cyne-helm, ‘king's helmet,’ i.e. ‘crown,’