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koppa- (Goth. *kuppa- is certainly wanting) had already too wide a ramification in the OTeut. languages. But in any case, it is conceivable that the assumed genuine Teut. word was confused at an early period with a MidLat. and Rom. term, and thus incorporated a number of foreign meanings. Comp. Kuppe.

Koppe, see Kuppe.

Koppel, f. and n., ‘leash,’ from MidHG. koppel, kopel, kuppel, f. (m. and n.), ‘tie, connection,’ especially ‘leash,’ then collect. ‘pack of hounds,’ also ‘band’ generally; from Lat. copula, MidLat. also cupla (the latter also ‘couple of hounds in a leash’), whence also Fr. couple, E. couple, Du. koppel, ‘couple, multitude, troop.’

Koralle, f., ‘coral,’ from MidHG. koralle, m., formed from MidLat. corallus, Lat. corallium.

Korb, m., ‘basket,’ from the equiv. MidHG. korp (b), OHG. chorp, korb (gen. korbes), m.; comp. Du. korf, m., ‘dosser.’ The usual derivation from Lat. corbis is opposed by phonetic considerations, and also by the fact that nouns equiv. in meaning but with differently graded forms also occur; according to ModHG. Brett and its gradation Bord (which see), MidHG. krëbe, m., ‘basket,’ and hence further ModHG. Krippe may also be connected with Korb (comp. too ModIc. karfa, f., and körf, f., ‘basket’?). It is not impossible that, in addition to an inherited OTeut. word, the Lat. term was borrowed at a later period; OHG. churib, plur. churbî, points perhaps to Lat. corbis (E. corb); further ModHG. Reff (1) seems to be an old cognate of Lat. corbis.

Korde, Kordel, f., ‘cord, tow-line,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. corde, cordelle; comp. Du. koord, f., and the equiv. E. cord, from the same Rom. source, ultimately derived from Lat. and Gr. chorda.

Koriander, m., ‘coriander,’ ModHG. only, from Lat. coriandrum; in MidHG. koliander, kullander, kollinder, from MidLat. coliandrum. Comp. Du. koriander and E. coriander.

Korinthe, f., ‘currant,’ early ModHG. only, from Fr. corinthe.

Kork, m., ‘cork,’ early ModHG. only, through the medium of Du. (kork, kurk, n., ‘corkwood, cork, stopper’) and LG. commerce, from Span. corcho, ‘corkwood, stopper,’ whence also E. cork at an early period. The ultimate source is Lat. cortex, ‘bark.’

Korn, n., ‘grain, corn,’ from MidHG.

korn, OHG. chorn (gen. chornes), n., ‘corn’ (in MidHG. also ‘grape-stone, corn-field, corn-stalk’). Goth. kaúrn, n., with the variant kaúrnô, n.; OIc. korn, AS. and E. corn, Du. koren; common Teut. stem korna-, meaning ‘single grain,’ then also ‘stone' and ‘fruit.’ For the meaning ‘stone’ comp. OHG. bęrikorn, MidHG. wîn-, trûben-korn, ‘stone of a berry'; OHG. korn- and kërnapful (AS. cornœppel), ‘malum punicum, calville,’ are interchangeable; for the derivative AS. cyrnel, E. kernel, see under Kern. Thus it is probable that there exists a close connection between Kern and Korn, their phonetic relation being similar to that between Brett and Bord; for further examples of gradation in nouns, see under Korb. Another graded form of Korn, from pre-Teut. gṛnó-m, is furnished by Lat. grânum, ‘grain, core’; see Hürde, equiv. to Lat. crates; voll, equiv. to Lat. plênus, OIr. lán. Gṛnó is exactly the same as OSlov. zrŭno, n., ‘grain.’

Kornelle, f., ‘cornel-cherry,’ even in OHG. cornul, cornul-baum, from MidLat. cornolium (Fr. cornouille, Ital. corniolo); a derivative of Lat. cornus, f., ‘cornel-cherry’; comp. AS. corntreô, E. cornelian-tree.

Körper, m., ‘body, substance, carcass,’ in the MidHG. period (13th cent.) korper, körpel, körper, m.; borrowed from Lat. corpus, or more accurately from the stem corpor-, a prim. cognate of which exists in OTeut. from the same source (Aryan kṛp), OHG. hrëf, AS. hrif, ‘womb.’ Leich (see Leichnam) is the OTeut. word for ModHG. Leib and Körper. “The sacrament of the Church and the elevation of the Host, and perhaps medical art, led to the naturalisation of the Lat. word.”

koſcher, kauſcher, adj., ‘pure,’ ModHG. only, from Jew. Chald. kâschêr, ‘pure, according to prescription.’

koſen, vb., ‘to chat, caress,’ from MidHG. kôsen, OHG. chôsôn, ‘to converse, talk.’ The meaning of the vb. is opposed to any connection with OHG. chôsa, ‘lawsuit,’ and Lat. causa, causari, for it nowhere shows an indication of a legal origin; ModFr. causer, ‘to chat,’ is also derived from G., since in Lat. causa, Fr. chose originated. As a native word kosen (Goth. *kausôn) is of uncertain origin; it is certainly connected, however, with AS. ceást, MidE. cheeste, ‘argument, dispute,’ Du. keuzelen, ‘to caress.’

Koſſat, see Kot (1).